A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils
Soil monitoring is a key topic from several perspectives, such as moisture level control for irrigation management and anti-contamination purposes. Monitoring the latter is becoming even more important due to increasing environmental pollution. As a direct consequence, there is a strong demand for i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7805 |
| _version_ | 1827648016270491648 |
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| author | Andrea Cataldo Iman Farhat Lourdes Farrugia Raffaele Persico Raissa Schiavoni |
| author_facet | Andrea Cataldo Iman Farhat Lourdes Farrugia Raffaele Persico Raissa Schiavoni |
| author_sort | Andrea Cataldo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil monitoring is a key topic from several perspectives, such as moisture level control for irrigation management and anti-contamination purposes. Monitoring the latter is becoming even more important due to increasing environmental pollution. As a direct consequence, there is a strong demand for innovative monitoring systems that are low cost, provide for quasi-real time and in situ monitoring, high sensitivity, and adequate accuracy. Starting from these considerations, this paper addresses the implementation of a microwave reflectometry based-system utilizing a customized bifilar probe and a miniaturized Vector Network Analyzer (m-VNA). The main objective is to relate frequency-domain (FD) measurements to the features of interest, such as the water content and/or the percentage of some polluting substances, through an innovative automatable procedure to retrieve the Debye dielectric parameters of the soil under different conditions. The results from this study confirm the potential of microwave reflectometry for moisture monitoring and contamination detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29942a730d944ec7a7fbc55f26fa82e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:30:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-29942a730d944ec7a7fbc55f26fa82e42023-11-24T02:26:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012220780510.3390/s22207805A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated SoilsAndrea Cataldo0Iman Farhat1Lourdes Farrugia2Raffaele Persico3Raissa Schiavoni4Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Physics, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Physics, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, MaltaDepartment of Environmental Engineering DIAM, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalySoil monitoring is a key topic from several perspectives, such as moisture level control for irrigation management and anti-contamination purposes. Monitoring the latter is becoming even more important due to increasing environmental pollution. As a direct consequence, there is a strong demand for innovative monitoring systems that are low cost, provide for quasi-real time and in situ monitoring, high sensitivity, and adequate accuracy. Starting from these considerations, this paper addresses the implementation of a microwave reflectometry based-system utilizing a customized bifilar probe and a miniaturized Vector Network Analyzer (m-VNA). The main objective is to relate frequency-domain (FD) measurements to the features of interest, such as the water content and/or the percentage of some polluting substances, through an innovative automatable procedure to retrieve the Debye dielectric parameters of the soil under different conditions. The results from this study confirm the potential of microwave reflectometry for moisture monitoring and contamination detection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7805microwave reflectometryFDR measurementsbifilar probesoil pollutiondielectric permittivityDebye law |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Cataldo Iman Farhat Lourdes Farrugia Raffaele Persico Raissa Schiavoni A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils Sensors microwave reflectometry FDR measurements bifilar probe soil pollution dielectric permittivity Debye law |
| title | A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils |
| title_full | A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils |
| title_fullStr | A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils |
| title_short | A Method for Extracting Debye Parameters as a Tool for Monitoring Watered and Contaminated Soils |
| title_sort | method for extracting debye parameters as a tool for monitoring watered and contaminated soils |
| topic | microwave reflectometry FDR measurements bifilar probe soil pollution dielectric permittivity Debye law |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7805 |
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