The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Taurisolo® is a pomace extract from Aglianico Grapes, a wine cultivar native to Campania (Southern Italy). It exhibits a very high polyphenolic content and, consumed as a nutraceutical, is effective in reducing the level of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a cardiovascular disease risk factor marker....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2020.00003/full |
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| author | Dominga Lapi Mariano Stornaiuolo Lina Sabatino Eduardo Sommella Giancarlo Tenore Maria Daglia Rossana Scuri Martina Di Maro Antonio Colantuoni Ettore Novellino |
| author_facet | Dominga Lapi Mariano Stornaiuolo Lina Sabatino Eduardo Sommella Giancarlo Tenore Maria Daglia Rossana Scuri Martina Di Maro Antonio Colantuoni Ettore Novellino |
| author_sort | Dominga Lapi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Taurisolo® is a pomace extract from Aglianico Grapes, a wine cultivar native to Campania (Southern Italy). It exhibits a very high polyphenolic content and, consumed as a nutraceutical, is effective in reducing the level of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a cardiovascular disease risk factor marker. We here show the effects of Taurisolo® on rat brain microvascular alterations induced by a diminution in cerebral blood flow (CBFD) for 30 min, due to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, and subsequent blood flow restoration (CBFR) for 60 min. The rat pial microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy through a parietal closed window implanted into the skull bone. The rat pial arterioles were classified according to Strahler’s ordering scheme, from smaller penetrating arterioles up to the larger ones. Western blotting analysis and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics were used to investigate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or the presence of peroxidized cardiolipin and several inflammatory mediators, respectively. Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) formation and neuronal loss were assessed. In rats CBFD and CBFR caused a decrease in arteriolar diameter, increase in fluorescent leakage and in adhesion of leukocytes to venular walls, reduction in the length of perfused capillaries and increment of ROS formation with large infarct size. Taurisolo®, intravenously or orally administered, induced pial arteriolar dilation (up to >30% of baseline), prevented fluorescent leakage, adhesion of leukocytes, ROS formation, while facilitated capillary perfusion and significantly reduced infarct size. These effects were accompanied by an increase in eNOS expression. Mass-spectrometry metabolomics analysis detected a marked decrease in the amount of peroxidized cardiolipin and pronounced reduction in pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane Txb2. Altogether, these results extend the nutraceutical potential of Taurisolo® and suggest their eligibility for preventing brain damage due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:06:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29962e6cf5f8425ca3375d186a40e112 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:06:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-29962e6cf5f8425ca3375d186a40e1122022-12-21T19:57:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022020-01-011410.3389/fncel.2020.00003488576The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion InjuryDominga Lapi0Mariano Stornaiuolo1Lina Sabatino2Eduardo Sommella3Giancarlo Tenore4Maria Daglia5Rossana Scuri6Martina Di Maro7Antonio Colantuoni8Ettore Novellino9Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyTaurisolo® is a pomace extract from Aglianico Grapes, a wine cultivar native to Campania (Southern Italy). It exhibits a very high polyphenolic content and, consumed as a nutraceutical, is effective in reducing the level of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a cardiovascular disease risk factor marker. We here show the effects of Taurisolo® on rat brain microvascular alterations induced by a diminution in cerebral blood flow (CBFD) for 30 min, due to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, and subsequent blood flow restoration (CBFR) for 60 min. The rat pial microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy through a parietal closed window implanted into the skull bone. The rat pial arterioles were classified according to Strahler’s ordering scheme, from smaller penetrating arterioles up to the larger ones. Western blotting analysis and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics were used to investigate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or the presence of peroxidized cardiolipin and several inflammatory mediators, respectively. Radical Oxygen Species (ROS) formation and neuronal loss were assessed. In rats CBFD and CBFR caused a decrease in arteriolar diameter, increase in fluorescent leakage and in adhesion of leukocytes to venular walls, reduction in the length of perfused capillaries and increment of ROS formation with large infarct size. Taurisolo®, intravenously or orally administered, induced pial arteriolar dilation (up to >30% of baseline), prevented fluorescent leakage, adhesion of leukocytes, ROS formation, while facilitated capillary perfusion and significantly reduced infarct size. These effects were accompanied by an increase in eNOS expression. Mass-spectrometry metabolomics analysis detected a marked decrease in the amount of peroxidized cardiolipin and pronounced reduction in pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxane Txb2. Altogether, these results extend the nutraceutical potential of Taurisolo® and suggest their eligibility for preventing brain damage due to ischemia-reperfusion injury.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2020.00003/fullischemia-reperfusionbrain injuryROSpolyphenolsantioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Dominga Lapi Mariano Stornaiuolo Lina Sabatino Eduardo Sommella Giancarlo Tenore Maria Daglia Rossana Scuri Martina Di Maro Antonio Colantuoni Ettore Novellino The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience ischemia-reperfusion brain injury ROS polyphenols antioxidants |
| title | The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
| title_full | The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
| title_fullStr | The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
| title_short | The Pomace Extract Taurisolo Protects Rat Brain From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
| title_sort | pomace extract taurisolo protects rat brain from ischemia reperfusion injury |
| topic | ischemia-reperfusion brain injury ROS polyphenols antioxidants |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2020.00003/full |
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