Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i>
Frosty pod rot, caused by the fungus <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i>, is one of the most important diseases of cacao in Peru. Sustainable alternatives to control it include timely cultural practices such as pruning, and the application of biological control agents such as <i>Trichoder...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2052 |
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| author | Santos Leiva Karol Rubio Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama Milagros Granda-Santos Leonor Mattos |
| author_facet | Santos Leiva Karol Rubio Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama Milagros Granda-Santos Leonor Mattos |
| author_sort | Santos Leiva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Frosty pod rot, caused by the fungus <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i>, is one of the most important diseases of cacao in Peru. Sustainable alternatives to control it include timely cultural practices such as pruning, and the application of biological control agents such as <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. We isolated 234 <i>Trichoderma</i> strains native to the department of Amazonas in Northern Peru from soil samples in cacao farms. These strains belong to at least eighteen species within four phylogenetic clades in the genus (Harzianum, Longibrachiatum, Hamatum, and Brevicompactum clades). We aimed to assess the in vitro biocontrol potential of these strains against <i>M. roreri</i>. We evaluated their mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and potential antagonism to select candidate strains for efficient biocontrol of <i>M. roreri</i>. We found evidence (Kruskal–Wallis test, <i>p</i> < 0.005) that strains belonging to the Harzianum clade tend to have higher mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and potential antagonism levels than strains in the Longibrachiatum and Hamatum clades. Additionally, this study constitutes the first report for antagonistic behavior against <i>M. roreri</i> for <i>T. parareesei, T. lentiforme, T. orientale, T. asperelloides, T. inhamatum, T. zelobreve, T. afarasin, T. ghanense, T. rifaii,</i> and <i>T. breve</i>. These results will be foundational for further <i>M. roreri</i> biocontrol studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:24Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-299985e2ba814baabad90b005dc5abf52023-11-23T14:36:34ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-08-01129205210.3390/agronomy12092052Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i>Santos Leiva0Karol Rubio1Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama2Milagros Granda-Santos3Leonor Mattos4Programa de Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, PeruInstituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruInstituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruInstituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, PeruPrograma de Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, PeruFrosty pod rot, caused by the fungus <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i>, is one of the most important diseases of cacao in Peru. Sustainable alternatives to control it include timely cultural practices such as pruning, and the application of biological control agents such as <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. We isolated 234 <i>Trichoderma</i> strains native to the department of Amazonas in Northern Peru from soil samples in cacao farms. These strains belong to at least eighteen species within four phylogenetic clades in the genus (Harzianum, Longibrachiatum, Hamatum, and Brevicompactum clades). We aimed to assess the in vitro biocontrol potential of these strains against <i>M. roreri</i>. We evaluated their mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and potential antagonism to select candidate strains for efficient biocontrol of <i>M. roreri</i>. We found evidence (Kruskal–Wallis test, <i>p</i> < 0.005) that strains belonging to the Harzianum clade tend to have higher mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and potential antagonism levels than strains in the Longibrachiatum and Hamatum clades. Additionally, this study constitutes the first report for antagonistic behavior against <i>M. roreri</i> for <i>T. parareesei, T. lentiforme, T. orientale, T. asperelloides, T. inhamatum, T. zelobreve, T. afarasin, T. ghanense, T. rifaii,</i> and <i>T. breve</i>. These results will be foundational for further <i>M. roreri</i> biocontrol studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2052antagonismbiological controlmycoparasitism<i>Trichoderma</i> |
| spellingShingle | Santos Leiva Karol Rubio Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama Milagros Granda-Santos Leonor Mattos Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> Agronomy antagonism biological control mycoparasitism <i>Trichoderma</i> |
| title | Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> |
| title_full | Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> |
| title_short | Phylogenetic Affinity in the Potential Antagonism of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> |
| title_sort | phylogenetic affinity in the potential antagonism of i trichoderma i spp against i moniliophthora roreri i |
| topic | antagonism biological control mycoparasitism <i>Trichoderma</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2052 |
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