Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate
The increase in world population and human activities are leading to an increase in water stress in many regions of the planet, coupled with a decrease in the quality of water bodies. Advanced oxidation processes have demonstrated great potential for the reduction of almost any organic pollutant; ho...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/20/2860 |
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| author | Rodrigo González-Quiles Juan Manuel de Andrés Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca |
| author_facet | Rodrigo González-Quiles Juan Manuel de Andrés Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca |
| author_sort | Rodrigo González-Quiles |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increase in world population and human activities are leading to an increase in water stress in many regions of the planet, coupled with a decrease in the quality of water bodies. Advanced oxidation processes have demonstrated great potential for the reduction of almost any organic pollutant; however, it is necessary to intensify this type of treatment in order to reduce contact times and to reach a greater number of pollutants. The generation of sulfate radicals by activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by divalent iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) and/or titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) were statistically studied to understand the role of these compounds as activators, using methylene blue as target pollutant because of its ease of handling and analysis. A factorial experimental design was used to study the influence of different variables (PMS, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) in the presence of UV-A or UV-C. There were relevant differences in the discoloration of methylene blue when analyzing the size of the effects and significance of the experiments, when UV-A or UV-C was used, being faster with UV-C. For instance, total discoloration of methylene blue was reached after 60 min with the system PMS/UV-C, while after 90 min only the 59% of methylene blue disappeared in presence of PMS/UV-A. Both Fe<sup>2+</sup> and TiO<sub>2</sub> in combination with PMS and UV increased the discoloration effect. So, in the presence of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, total discoloration of methylene blue was observed after 30 min in presence of UV-A, while this yield was reached in 7.5 min under UV-C. In the case of PMS/TiO<sub>2</sub>, it required 60 min under UV-A radiation to totally remove methylene blue, and around 15 min with UV-C. Statistically, the three variables were observed to have the main effect in combination with UV. Furthermore, the PMS/Fe<sup>2+</sup> system has a significant interaction with UV-A and UV-C radiation, while the interaction of PMS/TiO<sub>2</sub> was significant under UV-A, but with a negative effect under UV-C, or in other words the high elimination rates observed are achieved by the oxidation potential of UV-C, and the effect of PMS and TiO<sub>2</sub> by itself. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-299b2229c85e4b7ab9324922da4cc9d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-299b2229c85e4b7ab9324922da4cc9d92023-11-22T20:21:47ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-10-011320286010.3390/w13202860Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of PeroxymonosulfateRodrigo González-Quiles0Juan Manuel de Andrés1Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca2Department of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Industrial Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainThe increase in world population and human activities are leading to an increase in water stress in many regions of the planet, coupled with a decrease in the quality of water bodies. Advanced oxidation processes have demonstrated great potential for the reduction of almost any organic pollutant; however, it is necessary to intensify this type of treatment in order to reduce contact times and to reach a greater number of pollutants. The generation of sulfate radicals by activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by divalent iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) and/or titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) were statistically studied to understand the role of these compounds as activators, using methylene blue as target pollutant because of its ease of handling and analysis. A factorial experimental design was used to study the influence of different variables (PMS, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) in the presence of UV-A or UV-C. There were relevant differences in the discoloration of methylene blue when analyzing the size of the effects and significance of the experiments, when UV-A or UV-C was used, being faster with UV-C. For instance, total discoloration of methylene blue was reached after 60 min with the system PMS/UV-C, while after 90 min only the 59% of methylene blue disappeared in presence of PMS/UV-A. Both Fe<sup>2+</sup> and TiO<sub>2</sub> in combination with PMS and UV increased the discoloration effect. So, in the presence of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, total discoloration of methylene blue was observed after 30 min in presence of UV-A, while this yield was reached in 7.5 min under UV-C. In the case of PMS/TiO<sub>2</sub>, it required 60 min under UV-A radiation to totally remove methylene blue, and around 15 min with UV-C. Statistically, the three variables were observed to have the main effect in combination with UV. Furthermore, the PMS/Fe<sup>2+</sup> system has a significant interaction with UV-A and UV-C radiation, while the interaction of PMS/TiO<sub>2</sub> was significant under UV-A, but with a negative effect under UV-C, or in other words the high elimination rates observed are achieved by the oxidation potential of UV-C, and the effect of PMS and TiO<sub>2</sub> by itself.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/20/2860heterogeneous photocatalysisperoxymonosulfatesulfate radicalsTiO<sub>2</sub>UV radiation |
| spellingShingle | Rodrigo González-Quiles Juan Manuel de Andrés Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate Water heterogeneous photocatalysis peroxymonosulfate sulfate radicals TiO<sub>2</sub> UV radiation |
| title | Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate |
| title_full | Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate |
| title_short | Study of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> in the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate |
| title_sort | study of the photocatalytic activity of tio sub 2 sub and fe sup 2 sup in the activation of peroxymonosulfate |
| topic | heterogeneous photocatalysis peroxymonosulfate sulfate radicals TiO<sub>2</sub> UV radiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/20/2860 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rodrigogonzalezquiles studyofthephotocatalyticactivityoftiosub2subandfesup2supintheactivationofperoxymonosulfate AT juanmanueldeandres studyofthephotocatalyticactivityoftiosub2subandfesup2supintheactivationofperoxymonosulfate AT jorgerodriguezchueca studyofthephotocatalyticactivityoftiosub2subandfesup2supintheactivationofperoxymonosulfate |