Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding
During orchid seed culture, seeds germinate as protocorms, and protocorms normally develop into plant with leaves and roots. Orchids require many years of vegetative development for flowering. However, under a certain combination of growth cultures, we observed that protocorms can directly flower wi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.942591/full |
| _version_ | 1811237072367779840 |
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| author | Sagheer Ahmad Jinliao Chen Guizhen Chen Jie Huang Yang Hao Xiaoling Shi Yuying Liu Song Tu Yuzhen Zhou Kai Zhao Kai Zhao Siren Lan Zhongjian Liu Donghui Peng |
| author_facet | Sagheer Ahmad Jinliao Chen Guizhen Chen Jie Huang Yang Hao Xiaoling Shi Yuying Liu Song Tu Yuzhen Zhou Kai Zhao Kai Zhao Siren Lan Zhongjian Liu Donghui Peng |
| author_sort | Sagheer Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During orchid seed culture, seeds germinate as protocorms, and protocorms normally develop into plant with leaves and roots. Orchids require many years of vegetative development for flowering. However, under a certain combination of growth cultures, we observed that protocorms can directly flower without leaves and roots. Therefore, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis to identify the different transcriptional regulators of two types of protocorms of Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium sinense, and Cymbidium goeringii. Zinc finger, MYB, AP2, and bHLH were the most abundant transcription factor (TF) families in the transcriptome. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify hub genes related to leaf and flower development. The key hubs included SPL6, SVP, SEP2, KNOX1, AP2, OFP1, COL12, MYB13, MYB36, MYB59, bHLH086, and ARF7. The hub genes were further validated through statistical tools to propose the roles of key TFs. Therefore, this study initiates to answer that why there is no leaf initiation and root development and how can protocorm bypass the vegetative phase to flower? The outcomes can direct future research on short-span flowering in orchids through protocorms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:19:39Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:19:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-29a2822cc817435c88216082eabf52042022-12-22T03:33:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-06-011310.3389/fpls.2022.942591942591Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative BreedingSagheer Ahmad0Jinliao Chen1Guizhen Chen2Jie Huang3Yang Hao4Xiaoling Shi5Yuying Liu6Song Tu7Yuzhen Zhou8Kai Zhao9Kai Zhao10Siren Lan11Zhongjian Liu12Donghui Peng13Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, ChinaDuring orchid seed culture, seeds germinate as protocorms, and protocorms normally develop into plant with leaves and roots. Orchids require many years of vegetative development for flowering. However, under a certain combination of growth cultures, we observed that protocorms can directly flower without leaves and roots. Therefore, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis to identify the different transcriptional regulators of two types of protocorms of Cymbidium ensifolium, Cymbidium sinense, and Cymbidium goeringii. Zinc finger, MYB, AP2, and bHLH were the most abundant transcription factor (TF) families in the transcriptome. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify hub genes related to leaf and flower development. The key hubs included SPL6, SVP, SEP2, KNOX1, AP2, OFP1, COL12, MYB13, MYB36, MYB59, bHLH086, and ARF7. The hub genes were further validated through statistical tools to propose the roles of key TFs. Therefore, this study initiates to answer that why there is no leaf initiation and root development and how can protocorm bypass the vegetative phase to flower? The outcomes can direct future research on short-span flowering in orchids through protocorms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.942591/fullsurprised floweringnon-vegetativeWGCNAtranscription factorsorchid development |
| spellingShingle | Sagheer Ahmad Jinliao Chen Guizhen Chen Jie Huang Yang Hao Xiaoling Shi Yuying Liu Song Tu Yuzhen Zhou Kai Zhao Kai Zhao Siren Lan Zhongjian Liu Donghui Peng Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding Frontiers in Plant Science surprised flowering non-vegetative WGCNA transcription factors orchid development |
| title | Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding |
| title_full | Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding |
| title_short | Transcriptional Proposition for Uniquely Developed Protocorm Flowering in Three Orchid Species: Resources for Innovative Breeding |
| title_sort | transcriptional proposition for uniquely developed protocorm flowering in three orchid species resources for innovative breeding |
| topic | surprised flowering non-vegetative WGCNA transcription factors orchid development |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.942591/full |
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