Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films covered with active coatings containing mixtures of rosemary, raspberry, and pomegranate CO<sub>2</sub> extracts were found to be active against selected bacterial strains that may extend the shelf life of food products. The coatings also offer antiv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13438 |
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| author | Magdalena Ordon Magdalena Zdanowicz Paweł Nawrotek Xymena Stachurska Małgorzata Mizielińska |
| author_facet | Magdalena Ordon Magdalena Zdanowicz Paweł Nawrotek Xymena Stachurska Małgorzata Mizielińska |
| author_sort | Magdalena Ordon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films covered with active coatings containing mixtures of rosemary, raspberry, and pomegranate CO<sub>2</sub> extracts were found to be active against selected bacterial strains that may extend the shelf life of food products. The coatings also offer antiviral activity, due to their influence on the activity of Φ6 bacteriophage, selected as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 particles. The mixture of these extracts could be incorporated into a polymer matrix to obtain a foil with antibacterial and antiviral properties. The initial goal of this work was to obtain active LDPE films containing a mixture of CO<sub>2</sub> extracts of the aforementioned plants, incorporated into an LDPE matrix via an extrusion process. The second aim of this study was to demonstrate the antibacterial properties of the active films against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and to determine the antiviral effect of the modified material on Φ6 bacteriophage. In addition, an analysis was made on the influence of the active mixture on the polymer physicochemical features, e.g., mechanical and thermal properties, as well as its color and transparency. The results of this research indicated that the LDPE film containing a mixture of raspberry, rosemary, and pomegranate CO<sub>2</sub> extracts incorporated into an LDPE matrix inhibited the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This film was also found to be active against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. This modified film did not inhibit the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> cells; however, their number decreased significantly. The LDPE active film was also found to be active against Φ6 particles, meaning that the film had antiviral properties. The incorporation of the mixture of CO<sub>2</sub> extracts into the polymer matrix affected its mechanical properties. It was observed that parameters describing mechanical properties decreased, although did not affect the transition of LDPE significantly. Additionally, the modified film exhibited barrier properties towards UV radiation. Modified PE/CO<sub>2</sub> extracts films could be applied as a functional food packaging material with antibacterial and antiviral properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29b3111530e344f6873b4748fca811dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-29b3111530e344f6873b4748fca811dc2023-11-23T08:46:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241343810.3390/ijms222413438Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral MaterialsMagdalena Ordon0Magdalena Zdanowicz1Paweł Nawrotek2Xymena Stachurska3Małgorzata Mizielińska4Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, PolandCenter of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, PolandCenter for Nanotechnology Research and Education, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, PolandCenter for Nanotechnology Research and Education, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 45, 70-311 Szczecin, PolandCenter of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, PolandLow density polyethylene (LDPE) films covered with active coatings containing mixtures of rosemary, raspberry, and pomegranate CO<sub>2</sub> extracts were found to be active against selected bacterial strains that may extend the shelf life of food products. The coatings also offer antiviral activity, due to their influence on the activity of Φ6 bacteriophage, selected as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 particles. The mixture of these extracts could be incorporated into a polymer matrix to obtain a foil with antibacterial and antiviral properties. The initial goal of this work was to obtain active LDPE films containing a mixture of CO<sub>2</sub> extracts of the aforementioned plants, incorporated into an LDPE matrix via an extrusion process. The second aim of this study was to demonstrate the antibacterial properties of the active films against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and to determine the antiviral effect of the modified material on Φ6 bacteriophage. In addition, an analysis was made on the influence of the active mixture on the polymer physicochemical features, e.g., mechanical and thermal properties, as well as its color and transparency. The results of this research indicated that the LDPE film containing a mixture of raspberry, rosemary, and pomegranate CO<sub>2</sub> extracts incorporated into an LDPE matrix inhibited the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This film was also found to be active against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. This modified film did not inhibit the growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> cells; however, their number decreased significantly. The LDPE active film was also found to be active against Φ6 particles, meaning that the film had antiviral properties. The incorporation of the mixture of CO<sub>2</sub> extracts into the polymer matrix affected its mechanical properties. It was observed that parameters describing mechanical properties decreased, although did not affect the transition of LDPE significantly. Additionally, the modified film exhibited barrier properties towards UV radiation. Modified PE/CO<sub>2</sub> extracts films could be applied as a functional food packaging material with antibacterial and antiviral properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13438SARS-Co-V2Φ6 phageantiviral propertiesantibacterial propertiesPE filmsactive foils |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Ordon Magdalena Zdanowicz Paweł Nawrotek Xymena Stachurska Małgorzata Mizielińska Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials International Journal of Molecular Sciences SARS-Co-V2 Φ6 phage antiviral properties antibacterial properties PE films active foils |
| title | Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials |
| title_full | Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials |
| title_fullStr | Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials |
| title_short | Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials |
| title_sort | polyethylene films containing plant extracts in the polymer matrix as antibacterial and antiviral materials |
| topic | SARS-Co-V2 Φ6 phage antiviral properties antibacterial properties PE films active foils |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13438 |
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