Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319
Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a technique for detecting and characterizing faint companions at small separations from their host star. A near-infrared (∼2.3 μ m) VFN demonstrator mode was deployed on the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument at the Keck Observatory and presented ear...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad3619 |
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| author | Daniel Echeverri Jerry W. Xuan John D. Monnier Jacques-Robert Delorme Jason J. Wang Nemanja Jovanovic Katelyn Horstman Garreth Ruane Bertrand Mennesson Eugene Serabyn Dimitri Mawet J. Kent Wallace Sofia Hillman Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Greg Doppmann Luke Finnerty Michael P. Fitzgerald Chih-Chun Hsu Joshua Liberman Ronald López Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew J. Skemer Ji Wang Yinzi Xin Narsireddy Anugu Sorabh Chhabra Noura Ibrahim Stefan Kraus Gail H. Schaefer Cyprien Lanthermann |
| author_facet | Daniel Echeverri Jerry W. Xuan John D. Monnier Jacques-Robert Delorme Jason J. Wang Nemanja Jovanovic Katelyn Horstman Garreth Ruane Bertrand Mennesson Eugene Serabyn Dimitri Mawet J. Kent Wallace Sofia Hillman Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Greg Doppmann Luke Finnerty Michael P. Fitzgerald Chih-Chun Hsu Joshua Liberman Ronald López Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew J. Skemer Ji Wang Yinzi Xin Narsireddy Anugu Sorabh Chhabra Noura Ibrahim Stefan Kraus Gail H. Schaefer Cyprien Lanthermann |
| author_sort | Daniel Echeverri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a technique for detecting and characterizing faint companions at small separations from their host star. A near-infrared (∼2.3 μ m) VFN demonstrator mode was deployed on the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument at the Keck Observatory and presented earlier. In this Letter, we present the first VFN companion detections. Three targets, HIP 21543 Ab, HIP 94666 Ab, and HIP 50319 B, were detected with host–companion flux ratios between 70 and 430 at and within one diffraction beamwidth ( λ / D ). We complement the spectra from KPIC VFN with flux ratio and position measurements from the CHARA Array to validate the VFN results and provide a more complete characterization of the targets. This Letter reports the first direct detection of these three M dwarf companions, yielding their first spectra and flux ratios. Our observations provide measurements of bulk properties such as effective temperatures, radial velocities, and $v\sin i$ , and verify the accuracy of the published orbits. These detections corroborate earlier predictions of the KPIC VFN performance, demonstrating that the instrument mode is ready for science observations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:32:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29bcb249bb7044ffb9d1f1f9e09b3bc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:32:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-29bcb249bb7044ffb9d1f1f9e09b3bc62024-04-12T15:13:49ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019652L1510.3847/2041-8213/ad3619Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319Daniel Echeverri0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-2040Jerry W. Xuan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-1137John D. Monnier2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-3307Jacques-Robert Delorme3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-1008Jason J. Wang4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-6502Nemanja Jovanovic5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6207Katelyn Horstman6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-8667Garreth Ruane7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-1665Bertrand Mennesson8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-4800Eugene Serabyn9Dimitri Mawet10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-4735J. Kent Wallace11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-6899Sofia Hillman12Ashley Baker13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7013Randall Bartos14Benjamin Calvin15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-5486Sylvain Cetre16Greg Doppmann17Luke Finnerty18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-0768Michael P. Fitzgerald19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-8973Chih-Chun Hsu20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-7494Joshua Liberman21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-3042Ronald López22Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6205-9233Evan Morris24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-0922Jacklyn Pezzato25Jean-Baptiste Ruffio26https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-4821Ben Sappey27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-3593Tobias Schofield28Andrew J. Skemer29https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3924Ji Wang30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-8885Yinzi Xin31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-9081Narsireddy Anugu32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-6541Sorabh Chhabra33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-9732Noura Ibrahim34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-9366Stefan Kraus35https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-8773Gail H. Schaefer36https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5415-9189Cyprien Lanthermann37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-5834Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduAstronomy Department, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAW. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.edu; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAW. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI, USAW. M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USAJames C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona , Meinel Building 1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ; dechever@caltech.eduThe CHARA Array of Georgia State University , Mount Wilson Observatory, Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QL, UKAstronomy Department, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QL, UKThe CHARA Array of Georgia State University , Mount Wilson Observatory, Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USAThe CHARA Array of Georgia State University , Mount Wilson Observatory, Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USAVortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a technique for detecting and characterizing faint companions at small separations from their host star. A near-infrared (∼2.3 μ m) VFN demonstrator mode was deployed on the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument at the Keck Observatory and presented earlier. In this Letter, we present the first VFN companion detections. Three targets, HIP 21543 Ab, HIP 94666 Ab, and HIP 50319 B, were detected with host–companion flux ratios between 70 and 430 at and within one diffraction beamwidth ( λ / D ). We complement the spectra from KPIC VFN with flux ratio and position measurements from the CHARA Array to validate the VFN results and provide a more complete characterization of the targets. This Letter reports the first direct detection of these three M dwarf companions, yielding their first spectra and flux ratios. Our observations provide measurements of bulk properties such as effective temperatures, radial velocities, and $v\sin i$ , and verify the accuracy of the published orbits. These detections corroborate earlier predictions of the KPIC VFN performance, demonstrating that the instrument mode is ready for science observations.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad3619Exoplanet detection methodsAstronomical instrumentationDirect detection interferometryHigh resolution spectroscopyCompanion stars |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Echeverri Jerry W. Xuan John D. Monnier Jacques-Robert Delorme Jason J. Wang Nemanja Jovanovic Katelyn Horstman Garreth Ruane Bertrand Mennesson Eugene Serabyn Dimitri Mawet J. Kent Wallace Sofia Hillman Ashley Baker Randall Bartos Benjamin Calvin Sylvain Cetre Greg Doppmann Luke Finnerty Michael P. Fitzgerald Chih-Chun Hsu Joshua Liberman Ronald López Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer Evan Morris Jacklyn Pezzato Jean-Baptiste Ruffio Ben Sappey Tobias Schofield Andrew J. Skemer Ji Wang Yinzi Xin Narsireddy Anugu Sorabh Chhabra Noura Ibrahim Stefan Kraus Gail H. Schaefer Cyprien Lanthermann Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 The Astrophysical Journal Letters Exoplanet detection methods Astronomical instrumentation Direct detection interferometry High resolution spectroscopy Companion stars |
| title | Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 |
| title_full | Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 |
| title_fullStr | Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 |
| title_short | Vortex Fiber Nulling for Exoplanet Observations: First Direct Detection of M Dwarf Companions around HIP 21543, HIP 94666, and HIP 50319 |
| title_sort | vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations first direct detection of m dwarf companions around hip 21543 hip 94666 and hip 50319 |
| topic | Exoplanet detection methods Astronomical instrumentation Direct detection interferometry High resolution spectroscopy Companion stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad3619 |
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