Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has promising applications for the objective assessment of the microstructure of the spinal cord. This study aimed to verify the parameters obtained using DTI change during the growth process. We also wante...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/565 |
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| author | Karolina Barbara Owsińska-Schmidt Paulina Drobot Anna Zimny Marcin Adam Wrzosek |
| author_facet | Karolina Barbara Owsińska-Schmidt Paulina Drobot Anna Zimny Marcin Adam Wrzosek |
| author_sort | Karolina Barbara Owsińska-Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has promising applications for the objective assessment of the microstructure of the spinal cord. This study aimed to verify the parameters obtained using DTI change during the growth process. We also wanted to identify if the DTI values change on the course of the spinal cord. The model organism was a healthy growing porcine spinal cord (19 pigs, Polish White, weight 24–120 kg, mean 48 kg, median 48 kg, age 2.5–11 months, mean 5 months, median 5.5 months). DTI parameters were measured in three weight groups: up to 29 kg (five pigs), 30–59 kg (six pigs), and from 60 kg up (eight pigs). DTI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner (Philips, Ingenia). Image post-processing was done using the Fiber Track package (Philips Ingenia workstation) by manually drawing the regions of interest (nine ROIs). The measurements were recorded for three sections: the cervical, thoracolumbar and lumbar segments of the spinal cord at the C4/C5, Th13/L1, and L4/L5 vertebrae levels. In each case, one segment was measured cranially and one caudally from the above-mentioned places. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained for each ROIs and compared. It is shown that there is a correlation between age, weight gain, and change in FA and ADC parameters. Moreover, it is noted that, with increasing weight and age, the FA parameter increases and ADC decreases, whereas the FA and ADC measurement values did not significantly change between the three sections of the spinal cord. These findings could be useful in determining the reference values for the undamaged spinal cords of animals and growing humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:15:45Z |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:15:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-29c37e1fd5dc490a922295196db523ed2023-11-16T18:38:22ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-02-0113456510.3390/ani13040565Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging ParametersKarolina Barbara Owsińska-Schmidt0Paulina Drobot1Anna Zimny2Marcin Adam Wrzosek3Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology, and Neuroradiology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, PolandDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has promising applications for the objective assessment of the microstructure of the spinal cord. This study aimed to verify the parameters obtained using DTI change during the growth process. We also wanted to identify if the DTI values change on the course of the spinal cord. The model organism was a healthy growing porcine spinal cord (19 pigs, Polish White, weight 24–120 kg, mean 48 kg, median 48 kg, age 2.5–11 months, mean 5 months, median 5.5 months). DTI parameters were measured in three weight groups: up to 29 kg (five pigs), 30–59 kg (six pigs), and from 60 kg up (eight pigs). DTI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner (Philips, Ingenia). Image post-processing was done using the Fiber Track package (Philips Ingenia workstation) by manually drawing the regions of interest (nine ROIs). The measurements were recorded for three sections: the cervical, thoracolumbar and lumbar segments of the spinal cord at the C4/C5, Th13/L1, and L4/L5 vertebrae levels. In each case, one segment was measured cranially and one caudally from the above-mentioned places. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained for each ROIs and compared. It is shown that there is a correlation between age, weight gain, and change in FA and ADC parameters. Moreover, it is noted that, with increasing weight and age, the FA parameter increases and ADC decreases, whereas the FA and ADC measurement values did not significantly change between the three sections of the spinal cord. These findings could be useful in determining the reference values for the undamaged spinal cords of animals and growing humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/565diffusion tensor imagingmagnetic resonance imagingspinal cordanimal modelsporcinegrowth process |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Barbara Owsińska-Schmidt Paulina Drobot Anna Zimny Marcin Adam Wrzosek Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters Animals diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord animal models porcine growth process |
| title | Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters |
| title_full | Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters |
| title_short | Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord—Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters |
| title_sort | porcine model of the growing spinal cord changes in diffusion tensor imaging parameters |
| topic | diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord animal models porcine growth process |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/4/565 |
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