Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing
Using a combination of chemical coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment of the resulting dispersed system, a hierarchically organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowder was obtained, consisting of slightly elongated initial oxide nanoparticles self-organized into nan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/138 |
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| author | Tatiana L. Simonenko Nikolay P. Simonenko Artem S. Mokrushin Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov Anna A. Lizunova Oleg Yu. Grafov Elizaveta P. Simonenko Nikolay T. Kuznetsov |
| author_facet | Tatiana L. Simonenko Nikolay P. Simonenko Artem S. Mokrushin Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov Anna A. Lizunova Oleg Yu. Grafov Elizaveta P. Simonenko Nikolay T. Kuznetsov |
| author_sort | Tatiana L. Simonenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using a combination of chemical coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment of the resulting dispersed system, a hierarchically organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowder was obtained, consisting of slightly elongated initial oxide nanoparticles self-organized into nanosheets about 10 nm thick, which in turn are combined into hierarchical cellular agglomerates of about 2 μm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) allowed to confirm the formation of NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powder with the desired crystal structure via additional heat treatment of the intermediate product. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the target metal ratio, and the uniform distribution of the elements (Ni, Co and O) was shown by mapping. The resulting nanopowder was employed to prepare functional inks suitable for microplotter printing of the NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> film. It was found that an oxide film morphology is fully inherited from the hierarchically organized oxide nanopowder used. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the film thickness (15 μm) and determined the maximum height difference of 500 nm over an area of 25 μm<sup>2</sup>. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) showed that the surface potential was shifted to the depths of the oxide film, and the work function value of the material surface was 4.54 eV, which is significantly lower compared to those reported in the literature. The electronic state of the elements in the NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> film under study was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Chemosensor measurements showed that the printed receptor layer exhibited selectivity and high signal reproducibility for ethanol detection. As the relative humidity increases from 0 to 75%, the response value is reduced; however, the sensor response profile and signal-to-noise ratio remain without significant changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29cb16a5ea3d4856acecbfa81fe69f60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-29cb16a5ea3d4856acecbfa81fe69f602023-11-16T19:46:50ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402023-02-0111213810.3390/chemosensors11020138Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas SensingTatiana L. Simonenko0Nikolay P. Simonenko1Artem S. Mokrushin2Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov3Anna A. Lizunova4Oleg Yu. Grafov5Elizaveta P. Simonenko6Nikolay T. Kuznetsov7Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny 141701, RussiaA. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskiy pr., Moscow 119071, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119991, RussiaUsing a combination of chemical coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment of the resulting dispersed system, a hierarchically organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowder was obtained, consisting of slightly elongated initial oxide nanoparticles self-organized into nanosheets about 10 nm thick, which in turn are combined into hierarchical cellular agglomerates of about 2 μm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) allowed to confirm the formation of NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powder with the desired crystal structure via additional heat treatment of the intermediate product. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the target metal ratio, and the uniform distribution of the elements (Ni, Co and O) was shown by mapping. The resulting nanopowder was employed to prepare functional inks suitable for microplotter printing of the NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> film. It was found that an oxide film morphology is fully inherited from the hierarchically organized oxide nanopowder used. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the film thickness (15 μm) and determined the maximum height difference of 500 nm over an area of 25 μm<sup>2</sup>. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) showed that the surface potential was shifted to the depths of the oxide film, and the work function value of the material surface was 4.54 eV, which is significantly lower compared to those reported in the literature. The electronic state of the elements in the NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> film under study was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Chemosensor measurements showed that the printed receptor layer exhibited selectivity and high signal reproducibility for ethanol detection. As the relative humidity increases from 0 to 75%, the response value is reduced; however, the sensor response profile and signal-to-noise ratio remain without significant changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/138programmable coprecipitationhydrothermal synthesisNiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nanopowderfilmspinel |
| spellingShingle | Tatiana L. Simonenko Nikolay P. Simonenko Artem S. Mokrushin Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov Anna A. Lizunova Oleg Yu. Grafov Elizaveta P. Simonenko Nikolay T. Kuznetsov Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing Chemosensors programmable coprecipitation hydrothermal synthesis NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowder film spinel |
| title | Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing |
| title_full | Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing |
| title_fullStr | Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing |
| title_short | Microplotter Printing of Hierarchically Organized NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films for Ethanol Gas Sensing |
| title_sort | microplotter printing of hierarchically organized nico sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub films for ethanol gas sensing |
| topic | programmable coprecipitation hydrothermal synthesis NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanopowder film spinel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/2/138 |
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