Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes
Actinomycetes have been proven to be an excellent source of secondary metabolites for more than half a century. Exhibiting various bioactivities, they provide valuable approved drugs in clinical use. Most microorganisms are still untapped in terms of their capacity to produce secondary metabolites,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/7/2/44 |
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| author | Joachim J. Hug Chantal D. Bader Maja Remškar Katarina Cirnski Rolf Müller |
| author_facet | Joachim J. Hug Chantal D. Bader Maja Remškar Katarina Cirnski Rolf Müller |
| author_sort | Joachim J. Hug |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Actinomycetes have been proven to be an excellent source of secondary metabolites for more than half a century. Exhibiting various bioactivities, they provide valuable approved drugs in clinical use. Most microorganisms are still untapped in terms of their capacity to produce secondary metabolites, since only a small fraction can be cultured in the laboratory. Thus, improving cultivation techniques to extend the range of secondary metabolite producers accessible under laboratory conditions is an important first step in prospecting underexplored sources for the isolation of novel antibiotics. Currently uncultured actinobacteria can be made available by bioprospecting extreme or simply habitats other than soil. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of genomes reveals most producers to harbour many more biosynthetic gene clusters than compounds identified from any single strain, which translates into a silent biosynthetic potential of the microbial world for the production of yet unknown natural products. This review covers discovery strategies and innovative methods recently employed to access the untapped reservoir of natural products. The focus is the order of actinomycetes although most approaches are similarly applicable to other microbes. Advanced cultivation methods, genomics- and metagenomics-based approaches, as well as modern metabolomics-inspired methods are highlighted to emphasise the interplay of different disciplines to improve access to novel natural products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T09:28:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29e2b11873704a2fa1b69760f11cdab7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T09:28:41Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-29e2b11873704a2fa1b69760f11cdab72022-12-21T22:36:35ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822018-05-01724410.3390/antibiotics7020044antibiotics7020044Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from ActinomycetesJoachim J. Hug0Chantal D. Bader1Maja Remškar2Katarina Cirnski3Rolf Müller4Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyActinomycetes have been proven to be an excellent source of secondary metabolites for more than half a century. Exhibiting various bioactivities, they provide valuable approved drugs in clinical use. Most microorganisms are still untapped in terms of their capacity to produce secondary metabolites, since only a small fraction can be cultured in the laboratory. Thus, improving cultivation techniques to extend the range of secondary metabolite producers accessible under laboratory conditions is an important first step in prospecting underexplored sources for the isolation of novel antibiotics. Currently uncultured actinobacteria can be made available by bioprospecting extreme or simply habitats other than soil. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of genomes reveals most producers to harbour many more biosynthetic gene clusters than compounds identified from any single strain, which translates into a silent biosynthetic potential of the microbial world for the production of yet unknown natural products. This review covers discovery strategies and innovative methods recently employed to access the untapped reservoir of natural products. The focus is the order of actinomycetes although most approaches are similarly applicable to other microbes. Advanced cultivation methods, genomics- and metagenomics-based approaches, as well as modern metabolomics-inspired methods are highlighted to emphasise the interplay of different disciplines to improve access to novel natural products.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/7/2/44metagenomicsrare actinomycetesdereplicationmetabolomicsgenome miningnatural products |
| spellingShingle | Joachim J. Hug Chantal D. Bader Maja Remškar Katarina Cirnski Rolf Müller Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes Antibiotics metagenomics rare actinomycetes dereplication metabolomics genome mining natural products |
| title | Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes |
| title_full | Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes |
| title_fullStr | Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes |
| title_short | Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes |
| title_sort | concepts and methods to access novel antibiotics from actinomycetes |
| topic | metagenomics rare actinomycetes dereplication metabolomics genome mining natural products |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/7/2/44 |
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