Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya
ABSTRACT Ngari virus (NRIV) is a mosquito-borne reassortant orthobunyavirus that causes severe febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. Due to limited diagnostics and surveillance, NRIV has only been detected sporadically during Rift Valley fever virus outbreaks. Little i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2022-12-01
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| Series: | mSphere |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00416-22 |
| _version_ | 1811194676701560832 |
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| author | Dorcus C. A. Omoga David P. Tchouassi Marietjie Venter Edwin O. Ogola Georg Joachim Eibner Anne Kopp Inga Slothouwer Baldwyn Torto Sandra Junglen Rosemary Sang |
| author_facet | Dorcus C. A. Omoga David P. Tchouassi Marietjie Venter Edwin O. Ogola Georg Joachim Eibner Anne Kopp Inga Slothouwer Baldwyn Torto Sandra Junglen Rosemary Sang |
| author_sort | Dorcus C. A. Omoga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Ngari virus (NRIV) is a mosquito-borne reassortant orthobunyavirus that causes severe febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. Due to limited diagnostics and surveillance, NRIV has only been detected sporadically during Rift Valley fever virus outbreaks. Little is known on its interepidemic maintenance and geographic distribution. In this study, sera from cattle, goats, and sheep were collected through a cross-sectional survey after the rainy seasons between 2020 and 2021 in two pastoralist-dominated semiarid ecosystems, Baringo and Kajiado counties in Kenya. NRIV was detected in 11 apparently healthy animals (11/2,039, 0.54%) by RT-PCR and isolated in cell culture from seven individuals. Growth analyses displayed efficient replication in cells from sheep and humans in contrast to weak replication in goat cells. NRIV infection of a wide variety of different vector cells showed only rapid replication in Aedes albopictus cells but not in cells derived from other mosquito species or sandflies. Phylogenetic analyses of complete-coding sequences of L, M, and S segments of four viruses showed that the Kenyan sequences established a monophyletic clade most closely related to a NRIV sequence from a small ruminant from Mauritania. NRIV neutralizing reactivity in cattle, goats, and sheep were 41.6% (95% CI = 30 to 54.3), 52.4% (95% CI = 37.7 to 66.6), and 19% (95% CI = 9.7 to 33.6), respectively. This is the first detection of NRIV in livestock in Kenya. Our results demonstrate active and undetected circulation of NRIV in the three most common livestock species highlighting the need for an active one-health surveillance of host networks, including humans, livestock, and vectors. IMPORTANCE Surveillance of vectors and hosts for infection with zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses is important for early detection and intervention measures to prevent outbreaks. Here, we report the undetected circulation of Ngari virus (NRIV) in apparently healthy cattle, sheep, and goats in Kenya. NRIV is associated with outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. We demonstrate the isolation of infectious virus from several animals as well as presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38% of the tested animals. Our data indicate active virus circulation and endemicity likely having important implications for human and animal health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:30:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29e4eed27a8741f19e89e64faea59239 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:30:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-29e4eed27a8741f19e89e64faea592392022-12-22T03:55:21ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSphere2379-50422022-12-017610.1128/msphere.00416-22Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, KenyaDorcus C. A. Omoga0David P. Tchouassi1Marietjie Venter2Edwin O. Ogola3Georg Joachim Eibner4Anne Kopp5Inga Slothouwer6Baldwyn Torto7Sandra Junglen8Rosemary Sang9International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaZoonotic, Arbo, and Respiratory Virus Research Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health, University of Pretoria, Gezina, South AfricaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, KenyaABSTRACT Ngari virus (NRIV) is a mosquito-borne reassortant orthobunyavirus that causes severe febrile illness and hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. Due to limited diagnostics and surveillance, NRIV has only been detected sporadically during Rift Valley fever virus outbreaks. Little is known on its interepidemic maintenance and geographic distribution. In this study, sera from cattle, goats, and sheep were collected through a cross-sectional survey after the rainy seasons between 2020 and 2021 in two pastoralist-dominated semiarid ecosystems, Baringo and Kajiado counties in Kenya. NRIV was detected in 11 apparently healthy animals (11/2,039, 0.54%) by RT-PCR and isolated in cell culture from seven individuals. Growth analyses displayed efficient replication in cells from sheep and humans in contrast to weak replication in goat cells. NRIV infection of a wide variety of different vector cells showed only rapid replication in Aedes albopictus cells but not in cells derived from other mosquito species or sandflies. Phylogenetic analyses of complete-coding sequences of L, M, and S segments of four viruses showed that the Kenyan sequences established a monophyletic clade most closely related to a NRIV sequence from a small ruminant from Mauritania. NRIV neutralizing reactivity in cattle, goats, and sheep were 41.6% (95% CI = 30 to 54.3), 52.4% (95% CI = 37.7 to 66.6), and 19% (95% CI = 9.7 to 33.6), respectively. This is the first detection of NRIV in livestock in Kenya. Our results demonstrate active and undetected circulation of NRIV in the three most common livestock species highlighting the need for an active one-health surveillance of host networks, including humans, livestock, and vectors. IMPORTANCE Surveillance of vectors and hosts for infection with zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses is important for early detection and intervention measures to prevent outbreaks. Here, we report the undetected circulation of Ngari virus (NRIV) in apparently healthy cattle, sheep, and goats in Kenya. NRIV is associated with outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in humans and small ruminants. We demonstrate the isolation of infectious virus from several animals as well as presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38% of the tested animals. Our data indicate active virus circulation and endemicity likely having important implications for human and animal health.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00416-22Ngari virusorthobunyavirushemorrhagic feverlivestockKenya |
| spellingShingle | Dorcus C. A. Omoga David P. Tchouassi Marietjie Venter Edwin O. Ogola Georg Joachim Eibner Anne Kopp Inga Slothouwer Baldwyn Torto Sandra Junglen Rosemary Sang Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya mSphere Ngari virus orthobunyavirus hemorrhagic fever livestock Kenya |
| title | Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya |
| title_full | Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya |
| title_short | Circulation of Ngari Virus in Livestock, Kenya |
| title_sort | circulation of ngari virus in livestock kenya |
| topic | Ngari virus orthobunyavirus hemorrhagic fever livestock Kenya |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00416-22 |
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