Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties
Given the opportunity and access, pathogenic protists (<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> and <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>) can produce fatal infections involving the central nervous system. In the absence of effective treatments, there is a need to either develop new antimicrobials...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/58 |
| _version_ | 1797595239821606912 |
|---|---|
| author | Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Anania Boghossian Muhammad Kawish Tooba Jabri Muhammad Raza Shah Tengku Shahrul Anuar Zainab Al-Shareef Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| author_facet | Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Anania Boghossian Muhammad Kawish Tooba Jabri Muhammad Raza Shah Tengku Shahrul Anuar Zainab Al-Shareef Naveed Ahmed Khan |
| author_sort | Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given the opportunity and access, pathogenic protists (<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> and <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>) can produce fatal infections involving the central nervous system. In the absence of effective treatments, there is a need to either develop new antimicrobials or enhance the efficacy of existing compounds. Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems are gaining increasing attention in the treatment of parasitic infections. In this study, novel nanocarriers conjugated with amphotericin B and curcumin were evaluated for anti-amoebic efficacy against <i>B. mandrillaris</i> and <i>N. fowleri</i>. The results showed that nanocarrier conjugated amphotericin B exhibited enhanced cidal properties against both amoebae tested compared with the drug alone. Similarly, nanocarrier conjugated curcumin exhibited up to 75% cidal effects versus approx. 50% cidal effects for curcumin alone. Cytopathogenicity assays revealed that the pre-treatment of both parasites with nanoformulated-drugs reduced parasite-mediated host cellular death compared with the drugs alone. Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of amphotericin B on human cells alone were reduced when conjugated with nanocarriers. These are promising findings and further suggest the need to explore nanocarriers as a means to deliver medicine against parasitic infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:34:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29e637f946f942f4a4f87362fd435675 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:34:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-29e637f946f942f4a4f87362fd4356752023-11-18T10:01:48ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212023-04-011125810.3390/diseases11020058Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> PropertiesRuqaiyyah Siddiqui0Anania Boghossian1Muhammad Kawish2Tooba Jabri3Muhammad Raza Shah4Tengku Shahrul Anuar5Zainab Al-Shareef6Naveed Ahmed Khan7College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab EmiratesInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanInternational Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanCentre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, PuncakAlam Campus, Selangor 42300, MalaysiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, TurkeyGiven the opportunity and access, pathogenic protists (<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> and <i>Naegleria fowleri</i>) can produce fatal infections involving the central nervous system. In the absence of effective treatments, there is a need to either develop new antimicrobials or enhance the efficacy of existing compounds. Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems are gaining increasing attention in the treatment of parasitic infections. In this study, novel nanocarriers conjugated with amphotericin B and curcumin were evaluated for anti-amoebic efficacy against <i>B. mandrillaris</i> and <i>N. fowleri</i>. The results showed that nanocarrier conjugated amphotericin B exhibited enhanced cidal properties against both amoebae tested compared with the drug alone. Similarly, nanocarrier conjugated curcumin exhibited up to 75% cidal effects versus approx. 50% cidal effects for curcumin alone. Cytopathogenicity assays revealed that the pre-treatment of both parasites with nanoformulated-drugs reduced parasite-mediated host cellular death compared with the drugs alone. Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of amphotericin B on human cells alone were reduced when conjugated with nanocarriers. These are promising findings and further suggest the need to explore nanocarriers as a means to deliver medicine against parasitic infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/58<i>Naegleria fowleri</i><i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i>curcuminnanoparticleanti-amoebicfatal |
| spellingShingle | Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Anania Boghossian Muhammad Kawish Tooba Jabri Muhammad Raza Shah Tengku Shahrul Anuar Zainab Al-Shareef Naveed Ahmed Khan Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties Diseases <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> curcumin nanoparticle anti-amoebic fatal |
| title | Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties |
| title_full | Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties |
| title_fullStr | Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties |
| title_short | Nanocarrier Drug Conjugates Exhibit Potent Anti-<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> and Anti-<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> Properties |
| title_sort | nanocarrier drug conjugates exhibit potent anti i naegleria fowleri i and anti i balamuthia mandrillaris i properties |
| topic | <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> curcumin nanoparticle anti-amoebic fatal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/11/2/58 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruqaiyyahsiddiqui nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT ananiaboghossian nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT muhammadkawish nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT toobajabri nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT muhammadrazashah nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT tengkushahrulanuar nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT zainabalshareef nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties AT naveedahmedkhan nanocarrierdrugconjugatesexhibitpotentantiinaegleriafowleriiandantiibalamuthiamandrillarisiproperties |