Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter
Along with some research networking programmes, the European Directive 2008/50/CE requires chemical speciation of fine aerosol (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), including elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), at a few rural sites in European countries. Meanwhile, the thermal-optical technique is con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2014-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/1649/2014/amt-7-1649-2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811268102989545472 |
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| author | L. Chiappini S. Verlhac R. Aujay W. Maenhaut J. P. Putaud J. Sciare J. L. Jaffrezo C. Liousse C. Galy-Lacaux L. Y. Alleman P. Panteliadis E. Leoz O. Favez |
| author_facet | L. Chiappini S. Verlhac R. Aujay W. Maenhaut J. P. Putaud J. Sciare J. L. Jaffrezo C. Liousse C. Galy-Lacaux L. Y. Alleman P. Panteliadis E. Leoz O. Favez |
| author_sort | L. Chiappini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Along with some research networking programmes, the European Directive
2008/50/CE requires chemical speciation of fine aerosol (PM<sub>2.5</sub>),
including elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), at a few rural sites in
European countries. Meanwhile, the thermal-optical technique is considered by
the European and US networking agencies and normalisation bodies as a
reference method to quantify EC–OC collected on filters. Although commonly
used for many years, this technique still suffers from a lack of
information on the comparability of the different analytical protocols
(temperature protocols, type of optical correction) currently applied in the
laboratories. To better evaluate the EC–OC data set quality and related
uncertainties, the French National Reference Laboratory for Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring (LCSQA) organised an EC–OC comparison exercise for
French laboratories using different thermal-optical methods (five laboratories
only). While there is good agreement on total carbon (TC) measurements among
all participants, some differences can be observed on the EC / TC ratio, even
among laboratories using the same thermal protocol. These results led to
further tests on the influence of the optical correction: results obtained
from different European laboratories confirmed that there were higher
differences between OC<sub>TOT</sub> and OC<sub>TOR</sub> measured with
NIOSH 5040 in comparison to EUSAAR-2. Also, striking differences between
EC<sub>TOT</sub> / EC<sub>TOR</sub> ratios can be observed when comparing
results obtained for rural and urban samples, with EC<sub>TOT</sub> being
50% lower than EC<sub>TOR</sub> at rural sites whereas it is only
20% lower at urban sites. The PM chemical composition could explain
these differences but the way it influences the EC–OC measurement is not
clear and needs further investigation. Meanwhile, some additional tests seem
to indicate an influence of oven soiling on the EC–OC measurement data
quality. This highlights the necessity to follow the laser signal decrease
with time and its impact on measurements. Nevertheless, this should be
confirmed by further experiments, involving more samples and various
instruments, to enable statistical processing. All these results provide
insights to determine the quality of EC–OC analytical methods and may
contribute to the work toward establishing method standardisation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:15:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29e845b4103547e185312c611343f72d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:15:45Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-29e845b4103547e185312c611343f72d2022-12-22T03:16:27ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482014-06-01761649166110.5194/amt-7-1649-2014Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matterL. Chiappini0S. Verlhac1R. Aujay2W. Maenhaut3J. P. Putaud4J. Sciare5J. L. Jaffrezo6C. Liousse7C. Galy-Lacaux8L. Y. Alleman9P. Panteliadis10E. Leoz11O. Favez12Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceGhent University (UGent), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Gent, BelgiumEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, TP 050, 21027 ISPRA, ItalyLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), CEA-Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceUniversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, 38000 Grenoble, FranceLaboratoire d'aérologie, UMR5560, Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire d'aérologie, UMR5560, Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, FranceMines Douai, SAGE, CS10838, 59508 Douai, FranceGGD, Department of Air Quality, Public Health Service Amsterdam, 1018WT, the NetherlandsInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceAlong with some research networking programmes, the European Directive 2008/50/CE requires chemical speciation of fine aerosol (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), including elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), at a few rural sites in European countries. Meanwhile, the thermal-optical technique is considered by the European and US networking agencies and normalisation bodies as a reference method to quantify EC–OC collected on filters. Although commonly used for many years, this technique still suffers from a lack of information on the comparability of the different analytical protocols (temperature protocols, type of optical correction) currently applied in the laboratories. To better evaluate the EC–OC data set quality and related uncertainties, the French National Reference Laboratory for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (LCSQA) organised an EC–OC comparison exercise for French laboratories using different thermal-optical methods (five laboratories only). While there is good agreement on total carbon (TC) measurements among all participants, some differences can be observed on the EC / TC ratio, even among laboratories using the same thermal protocol. These results led to further tests on the influence of the optical correction: results obtained from different European laboratories confirmed that there were higher differences between OC<sub>TOT</sub> and OC<sub>TOR</sub> measured with NIOSH 5040 in comparison to EUSAAR-2. Also, striking differences between EC<sub>TOT</sub> / EC<sub>TOR</sub> ratios can be observed when comparing results obtained for rural and urban samples, with EC<sub>TOT</sub> being 50% lower than EC<sub>TOR</sub> at rural sites whereas it is only 20% lower at urban sites. The PM chemical composition could explain these differences but the way it influences the EC–OC measurement is not clear and needs further investigation. Meanwhile, some additional tests seem to indicate an influence of oven soiling on the EC–OC measurement data quality. This highlights the necessity to follow the laser signal decrease with time and its impact on measurements. Nevertheless, this should be confirmed by further experiments, involving more samples and various instruments, to enable statistical processing. All these results provide insights to determine the quality of EC–OC analytical methods and may contribute to the work toward establishing method standardisation.http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/1649/2014/amt-7-1649-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Chiappini S. Verlhac R. Aujay W. Maenhaut J. P. Putaud J. Sciare J. L. Jaffrezo C. Liousse C. Galy-Lacaux L. Y. Alleman P. Panteliadis E. Leoz O. Favez Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| title_full | Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| title_fullStr | Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| title_short | Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| title_sort | clues for a standardised thermal optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter |
| url | http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/1649/2014/amt-7-1649-2014.pdf |
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