Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials
This paper briefly discusses the utilization of pruning wastes as a lignocellulosic source of cellulose fibers, which could be of potential use in the development of valuable materials such as sustainable textiles and fillers for footwear components including uppers and soles. <i>Phoenix canar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5206 |
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| author | Maria Angeles Pérez-Limiñana Henoc Pérez-Aguilar Carlos Ruzafa-Silvestre Elena Orgilés-Calpena Francisca Arán-Ais |
| author_facet | Maria Angeles Pérez-Limiñana Henoc Pérez-Aguilar Carlos Ruzafa-Silvestre Elena Orgilés-Calpena Francisca Arán-Ais |
| author_sort | Maria Angeles Pérez-Limiñana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper briefly discusses the utilization of pruning wastes as a lignocellulosic source of cellulose fibers, which could be of potential use in the development of valuable materials such as sustainable textiles and fillers for footwear components including uppers and soles. <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> palm leaves, one of the most common plants found in the local environment of the Alicante region (Spain), was used as a biomass raw material. Determining appropriate processing parameters and their desired range of maximum cellulose extraction states is key to improving yields. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the effect of processing conditions on cellulose extraction by optimizing the hydrothermal process, as a part of overall combined processes involving several steps. Specifically, the time of the steam-explosion stage was varied between 15 and 33 min in order to maximize the cellulose extraction yield. The composition of both the extracted fibers and the resulting by-product solutions generated during the different steps were determined by FTIR and TGA in order to analyze the effectiveness of removing hemicellulose, lignin and extractives as well as the removed substances at each stage for their further valorization. Additionally, the morphology of cellulosic fibers was evaluated by SEM and their crystallinity by XRD. Crystalline cellulose fibers were successfully extracted from pruning biomass wastes, achieving more efficient removal of hemicellulose and lignin when the hydrothermal process was assessed over 25–33 min. This resulted in finer and smoother fibers, but the crystallinity of α-cellulose decreased as the time of steam-explosion increased to 33 min. The characterization of waste solutions generated after the different extraction steps confirmed that the most effective treatments to remove lignin and hemicellulose from the cell wall are alkaline pretreatment and a hydrothermal process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-29f658e8051d434ab7e82d883b141efc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-29f658e8051d434ab7e82d883b141efc2023-11-24T12:00:09ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-11-011423520610.3390/polym14235206Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for MaterialsMaria Angeles Pérez-Limiñana0Henoc Pérez-Aguilar1Carlos Ruzafa-Silvestre2Elena Orgilés-Calpena3Francisca Arán-Ais4Footwear Technological Centre, Campo Alto Campground, 03600 Alicante, SpainFootwear Technological Centre, Campo Alto Campground, 03600 Alicante, SpainFootwear Technological Centre, Campo Alto Campground, 03600 Alicante, SpainFootwear Technological Centre, Campo Alto Campground, 03600 Alicante, SpainFootwear Technological Centre, Campo Alto Campground, 03600 Alicante, SpainThis paper briefly discusses the utilization of pruning wastes as a lignocellulosic source of cellulose fibers, which could be of potential use in the development of valuable materials such as sustainable textiles and fillers for footwear components including uppers and soles. <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> palm leaves, one of the most common plants found in the local environment of the Alicante region (Spain), was used as a biomass raw material. Determining appropriate processing parameters and their desired range of maximum cellulose extraction states is key to improving yields. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the effect of processing conditions on cellulose extraction by optimizing the hydrothermal process, as a part of overall combined processes involving several steps. Specifically, the time of the steam-explosion stage was varied between 15 and 33 min in order to maximize the cellulose extraction yield. The composition of both the extracted fibers and the resulting by-product solutions generated during the different steps were determined by FTIR and TGA in order to analyze the effectiveness of removing hemicellulose, lignin and extractives as well as the removed substances at each stage for their further valorization. Additionally, the morphology of cellulosic fibers was evaluated by SEM and their crystallinity by XRD. Crystalline cellulose fibers were successfully extracted from pruning biomass wastes, achieving more efficient removal of hemicellulose and lignin when the hydrothermal process was assessed over 25–33 min. This resulted in finer and smoother fibers, but the crystallinity of α-cellulose decreased as the time of steam-explosion increased to 33 min. The characterization of waste solutions generated after the different extraction steps confirmed that the most effective treatments to remove lignin and hemicellulose from the cell wall are alkaline pretreatment and a hydrothermal process.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5206biomasscellulosehemicelluloseligninfibersvalorization |
| spellingShingle | Maria Angeles Pérez-Limiñana Henoc Pérez-Aguilar Carlos Ruzafa-Silvestre Elena Orgilés-Calpena Francisca Arán-Ais Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials Polymers biomass cellulose hemicellulose lignin fibers valorization |
| title | Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials |
| title_full | Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials |
| title_short | Effect of Processing Time of Steam-Explosion for the Extraction of Cellulose Fibers from <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> Palm Leaves as Potential Renewable Feedstock for Materials |
| title_sort | effect of processing time of steam explosion for the extraction of cellulose fibers from i phoenix canariensis i palm leaves as potential renewable feedstock for materials |
| topic | biomass cellulose hemicellulose lignin fibers valorization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/23/5206 |
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