| Summary: | The root of <i>Phlomis umbrosa</i> has traditionally been used as a medicine in South Asian nations to treat colds and bone fractures, to staunch bleeding, and as an anti-inflammatory, and such use continues today. We identified 10 genes that are involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, while using the Illumina/Solexa HiSeq2000 platform. We investigated the transcript levels of the 10 genes using quantitative real-time PCR and quantified the level of terpenoid accumulation in different organs of <i>P. umbrosa</i> while using high-performance liquid chromatography. The transcript levels of <i>PuHDR</i> and <i>PuHMGR1</i> were the highest among the studied genes. Sesamoside, an iridoid glycoside, appeared in higher quantity than shanzhiside methylester, umbroside (8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester), and acteoside. We speculate that <i>PuHDR</i> and <i>PuHMGR1</i> may contribute to terpenoid biosynthesis in <i>P. umbrosa</i>. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms that underlie iridoid glycoside biosynthesis in <i>P. umbrosa</i>.
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