| Summary: | The study compare the diversity patterns and processes of microbial community assembly in the water and sediment of Lake Wuchang (China) using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. A higher microbial α-diversity in the sediment was revealed (P < 0.01), and the most common bacterial phyla in water column were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria, while Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae were dominant in sediment. Functions related to phototrophy and nitrogen metabolism primarily occurred in the water column and sediment, respectively. The microbial communities in water column from different seasons were divided into three groups, while no such dispersion in sediment based on PCoA and ANOSIM. According to Pearson correlation analysis, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, water depth, total nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrite were key factors in determining microbial community structure in water column, while TN in sediment, conductivity, and organic matter were key factors in sediment. However, the stochastic processes (|βNTI| < 2) dominated community assembly in both the water column and sediment of Lake Wuchang. These data will provide a foundation for microbial development and utilization in lake water column and sediment under the circumstances of increasing tendency of lake ecological fishery in China.
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