Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus
Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. was found associated with holly in the Netherlands and was described based on morphology, morphometrics, rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 genes, phylogenetic relationships with other Paratylenchus species, host information and geographical distribution. This species can be mor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sciendo
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Nematology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0037 |
| _version_ | 1827596030135238656 |
|---|---|
| author | Rolish Singh Phougeishangbam Lokker Bram Couvreur Marjolein Bert Wim Karssen Gerrit |
| author_facet | Rolish Singh Phougeishangbam Lokker Bram Couvreur Marjolein Bert Wim Karssen Gerrit |
| author_sort | Rolish Singh Phougeishangbam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. was found associated with holly in the Netherlands and was described based on morphology, morphometrics, rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 genes, phylogenetic relationships with other Paratylenchus species, host information and geographical distribution. This species can be morphologically diagnosed based on its light brown, slightly obese to obese females with tubercles on cuticle, lateral bands widening into an ovoid field around vulva level, stylet length of 70 μm to 100 μm, outstretched to reflexed ovary, rounded sperm-filled spermatheca, vagina opening into a thick-walled rounded space, absence of vulval flaps and vulva at 89% to 95% of body length, very short tail in all life stages, and a characteristic finger-like tail tip in juveniles (J2). The new species is morphologically closest to Cacopaurus pestis but differs based on the absence of a scutellum-like differentiation in the lateral field, the ovaries that can be outstretched or reflexed, and the finger-like tail tip in J2. Furthermore, both species were found to be molecularly distant from one another, found in different habitats, and are associated with different hosts. The high morphological similarity between Cacopaurus and Paratylenchus and our phylogenetic analyses, revealing that the former is embedded within different Paratylenchus clades and thus polyphyletic, provide new evidences for the synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:04:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a0f6ce4ff7c47d0982ba90ea9be82db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2640-396X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:04:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nematology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a0f6ce4ff7c47d0982ba90ea9be82db2023-12-04T08:04:12ZengSciendoJournal of Nematology2640-396X2022-09-01541879210.2478/jofnem-2022-0037Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with ParatylenchusRolish Singh Phougeishangbam0Lokker Bram1Couvreur Marjolein2Bert Wim3Karssen Gerrit4Department of Biology, Nematology Research Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000Ghent, BelgiumNational Plant Protection Organization, Geertjesweg 15, 6706EAWageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biology, Nematology Research Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Biology, Nematology Research Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000Ghent, BelgiumNational Plant Protection Organization, Geertjesweg 15, 6706EAWageningen, The NetherlandsParatylenchus ilicis n. sp. was found associated with holly in the Netherlands and was described based on morphology, morphometrics, rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 genes, phylogenetic relationships with other Paratylenchus species, host information and geographical distribution. This species can be morphologically diagnosed based on its light brown, slightly obese to obese females with tubercles on cuticle, lateral bands widening into an ovoid field around vulva level, stylet length of 70 μm to 100 μm, outstretched to reflexed ovary, rounded sperm-filled spermatheca, vagina opening into a thick-walled rounded space, absence of vulval flaps and vulva at 89% to 95% of body length, very short tail in all life stages, and a characteristic finger-like tail tip in juveniles (J2). The new species is morphologically closest to Cacopaurus pestis but differs based on the absence of a scutellum-like differentiation in the lateral field, the ovaries that can be outstretched or reflexed, and the finger-like tail tip in J2. Furthermore, both species were found to be molecularly distant from one another, found in different habitats, and are associated with different hosts. The high morphological similarity between Cacopaurus and Paratylenchus and our phylogenetic analyses, revealing that the former is embedded within different Paratylenchus clades and thus polyphyletic, provide new evidences for the synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus.https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-003718scacopauruscox1d2–d3hilversumhollyilex aquifoliumitsmorphologyparatylenchus ilicisphylogenyscanning electron microscopysystematicstaxonomy |
| spellingShingle | Rolish Singh Phougeishangbam Lokker Bram Couvreur Marjolein Bert Wim Karssen Gerrit Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus Journal of Nematology 18s cacopaurus cox1 d2–d3 hilversum holly ilex aquifolium its morphology paratylenchus ilicis phylogeny scanning electron microscopy systematics taxonomy |
| title | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus |
| title_full | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus |
| title_fullStr | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus |
| title_short | Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus |
| title_sort | paratylenchus ilicis n sp nematoda paratylenchinae associated with holly from the netherlands and new taxonomical and phylogenetic support for the synonymization of cacopaurus with paratylenchus |
| topic | 18s cacopaurus cox1 d2–d3 hilversum holly ilex aquifolium its morphology paratylenchus ilicis phylogeny scanning electron microscopy systematics taxonomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0037 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rolishsinghphougeishangbam paratylenchusilicisnspnematodaparatylenchinaeassociatedwithhollyfromthenetherlandsandnewtaxonomicalandphylogeneticsupportforthesynonymizationofcacopauruswithparatylenchus AT lokkerbram paratylenchusilicisnspnematodaparatylenchinaeassociatedwithhollyfromthenetherlandsandnewtaxonomicalandphylogeneticsupportforthesynonymizationofcacopauruswithparatylenchus AT couvreurmarjolein paratylenchusilicisnspnematodaparatylenchinaeassociatedwithhollyfromthenetherlandsandnewtaxonomicalandphylogeneticsupportforthesynonymizationofcacopauruswithparatylenchus AT bertwim paratylenchusilicisnspnematodaparatylenchinaeassociatedwithhollyfromthenetherlandsandnewtaxonomicalandphylogeneticsupportforthesynonymizationofcacopauruswithparatylenchus AT karssengerrit paratylenchusilicisnspnematodaparatylenchinaeassociatedwithhollyfromthenetherlandsandnewtaxonomicalandphylogeneticsupportforthesynonymizationofcacopauruswithparatylenchus |