Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014
We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry and transport and an ensemble Kalman filter to simultaneously infer regional fluxes of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) directly from GOSAT retrievals of XCH<sub>4</sub> : X...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-04-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/4781/2017/acp-17-4781-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828778318875328512 |
|---|---|
| author | L. Feng P. I. Palmer H. Bösch R. J. Parker A. J. Webb C. S. C. Correia N. M. Deutscher L. G. Domingues D. G. Feist L. V. Gatti E. Gloor F. Hase R. Kivi Y. Liu J. B. Miller I. Morino R. Sussmann K. Strong O. Uchino J. Wang A. Zahn |
| author_facet | L. Feng P. I. Palmer H. Bösch R. J. Parker A. J. Webb C. S. C. Correia N. M. Deutscher L. G. Domingues D. G. Feist L. V. Gatti E. Gloor F. Hase R. Kivi Y. Liu J. B. Miller I. Morino R. Sussmann K. Strong O. Uchino J. Wang A. Zahn |
| author_sort | L. Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry and transport
and an ensemble Kalman filter to simultaneously infer regional fluxes of
methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) directly from GOSAT
retrievals of XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub>, using sparse ground-based CH<sub>4</sub> and
CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction data to anchor the ratio. This work builds on the
previously reported theory that takes into account that (1) these ratios are
less prone to systematic error than either the full-physics data products or
the proxy CH<sub>4</sub> data products; and (2) the resulting CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>
fluxes are self-consistent. We show that a posteriori fluxes inferred from
the GOSAT data generally outperform the fluxes inferred only from in situ
data, as expected. GOSAT CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are consistent with
global growth rates for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> reported by NOAA and have a
range of independent data including new profile measurements (0–7 km) over
the Amazon Basin that were collected specifically to help validate GOSAT over
this geographical region. We find that large-scale multi-year annual a
posteriori CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes inferred from GOSAT data are similar to those
inferred from the in situ surface data but with smaller uncertainties,
particularly over the tropics. GOSAT data are consistent with smaller
peak-to-peak seasonal amplitudes of CO<sub>2</sub> than either the a priori or in
situ inversion, particularly over the tropics and the southern extratropics.
Over the northern extratropics, GOSAT data show larger uptake than the a
priori but less than the in situ inversion, resulting in small net emissions
over the year. We also find evidence that the carbon balance of tropical
South America was perturbed following the droughts of 2010 and 2012 with net
annual fluxes not returning to an approximate annual balance until 2013. In
contrast, GOSAT data significantly changed the a priori spatial distribution
of CH<sub>4</sub> emission with a 40 % increase over tropical South America and
tropical Asia and a smaller decrease over Eurasia and temperate South
America. We find no evidence from GOSAT that tropical South American CH<sub>4</sub>
fluxes were dramatically affected by the two large-scale Amazon droughts.
However, we find that GOSAT data are consistent with double seasonal peaks in
Amazonian fluxes that are reproduced over the 5 years we studied: a small peak from
January to April and a larger peak from June to October, which are likely due
to superimposed emissions from different geographical regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:38:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a1160a7ca9c4b95903c0e51522702c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:38:57Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a1160a7ca9c4b95903c0e51522702c02022-12-22T00:58:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-04-011774781479710.5194/acp-17-4781-2017Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014L. Feng0P. I. Palmer1H. Bösch2R. J. Parker3A. J. Webb4C. S. C. Correia5N. M. Deutscher6L. G. Domingues7D. G. Feist8L. V. Gatti9E. Gloor10F. Hase11R. Kivi12Y. Liu13J. B. Miller14I. Morino15R. Sussmann16K. Strong17O. Uchino18J. Wang19A. Zahn20National Centre for Earth Observation, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKNational Centre for Earth Observation, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKNational Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKNational Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKNational Centre for Earth Observation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKInstituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) – Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) – Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, BrazilInstitute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyInstituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) – Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) – Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, BrazilMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, GermanyInstituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) – Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) – Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, GermanyFMI-Arctic Research Center, Sodankylä, FinlandInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGlobal Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USANational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, JapanKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, JapanInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyWe use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry and transport and an ensemble Kalman filter to simultaneously infer regional fluxes of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) directly from GOSAT retrievals of XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub>, using sparse ground-based CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction data to anchor the ratio. This work builds on the previously reported theory that takes into account that (1) these ratios are less prone to systematic error than either the full-physics data products or the proxy CH<sub>4</sub> data products; and (2) the resulting CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are self-consistent. We show that a posteriori fluxes inferred from the GOSAT data generally outperform the fluxes inferred only from in situ data, as expected. GOSAT CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are consistent with global growth rates for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> reported by NOAA and have a range of independent data including new profile measurements (0–7 km) over the Amazon Basin that were collected specifically to help validate GOSAT over this geographical region. We find that large-scale multi-year annual a posteriori CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes inferred from GOSAT data are similar to those inferred from the in situ surface data but with smaller uncertainties, particularly over the tropics. GOSAT data are consistent with smaller peak-to-peak seasonal amplitudes of CO<sub>2</sub> than either the a priori or in situ inversion, particularly over the tropics and the southern extratropics. Over the northern extratropics, GOSAT data show larger uptake than the a priori but less than the in situ inversion, resulting in small net emissions over the year. We also find evidence that the carbon balance of tropical South America was perturbed following the droughts of 2010 and 2012 with net annual fluxes not returning to an approximate annual balance until 2013. In contrast, GOSAT data significantly changed the a priori spatial distribution of CH<sub>4</sub> emission with a 40 % increase over tropical South America and tropical Asia and a smaller decrease over Eurasia and temperate South America. We find no evidence from GOSAT that tropical South American CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were dramatically affected by the two large-scale Amazon droughts. However, we find that GOSAT data are consistent with double seasonal peaks in Amazonian fluxes that are reproduced over the 5 years we studied: a small peak from January to April and a larger peak from June to October, which are likely due to superimposed emissions from different geographical regions.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/4781/2017/acp-17-4781-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Feng P. I. Palmer H. Bösch R. J. Parker A. J. Webb C. S. C. Correia N. M. Deutscher L. G. Domingues D. G. Feist L. V. Gatti E. Gloor F. Hase R. Kivi Y. Liu J. B. Miller I. Morino R. Sussmann K. Strong O. Uchino J. Wang A. Zahn Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 |
| title_full | Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 |
| title_fullStr | Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 |
| title_short | Consistent regional fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH<sub>4</sub> : XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals, 2010–2014 |
| title_sort | consistent regional fluxes of ch sub 4 sub and co sub 2 sub inferred from gosat proxy xch sub 4 sub xco sub 2 sub retrievals 2010 2014 |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/4781/2017/acp-17-4781-2017.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lfeng consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT pipalmer consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT hbosch consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT rjparker consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT ajwebb consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT csccorreia consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT nmdeutscher consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT lgdomingues consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT dgfeist consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT lvgatti consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT egloor consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT fhase consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT rkivi consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT yliu consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT jbmiller consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT imorino consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT rsussmann consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT kstrong consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT ouchino consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT jwang consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 AT azahn consistentregionalfluxesofchsub4subandcosub2subinferredfromgosatproxyxchsub4subxcosub2subretrievals20102014 |