Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved]
Background: Annually, more than a million low birthweight (LBW) is born in India, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Several studies have undertaken the association of poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors with LBW. Through our study, we aimed to examine the possibility of any rel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wellcome
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Wellcome Open Research |
| Online Access: | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-76/v3 |
| _version_ | 1818539338946838528 |
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| author | Giridhara R. Babu G.V.S. Murthy Yogesh Reddy R. Deepa A. Yamuna S. Prafulla Anjaly Krishnan Eunice Lobo Mohanbabu Rathnaiah Sanjay Kinra |
| author_facet | Giridhara R. Babu G.V.S. Murthy Yogesh Reddy R. Deepa A. Yamuna S. Prafulla Anjaly Krishnan Eunice Lobo Mohanbabu Rathnaiah Sanjay Kinra |
| author_sort | Giridhara R. Babu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Annually, more than a million low birthweight (LBW) is born in India, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Several studies have undertaken the association of poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors with LBW. Through our study, we aimed to examine the possibility of any relation between the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score measured during pregnancy with the incidence of babies born Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Methods: Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at a public hospital between 14 to 32 weeks were recruited from April 2016 to Oct 2017. The EPDS was administered to assess depression through face-to-face interviews. Newborn anthropometry was performed post-delivery. For analysis, birth weight <10 percentile was classified as SGA. Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms (EPDS score >11) was 16.5% (n=108/654) in antenatal mothers. These women delivered a higher proportion of SGA babies (21.3 v/s 15.8) compared to women with no symptoms. The odds of women giving birth to a child with SGA were twice as high for women with EPDS scores >11 (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.12 – 3.70) compared to the women with EPDS scores of ≤11, The EPDS 12 (Adjusted OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.04 – 3.69) and EPDS 13 (Adjusted OR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.24 – 4.70) cut-off categories also proved to be a risk factor for SGA with significant p-value (0.0006 and 0.0003) and the individuals with more than 13 EPDS score is found to have the highest odds of SGA. Conclusions: We found a strong association of antenatal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with SGA measured by EPDS. Thus, we recommend the implementation of timely and effective screening, diagnostic services, and evidence-based antenatal mental health services to combat SGA and further associated-metabolic syndromes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:40:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a13c1bf5832462a93ea0155a2db1070 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-502X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:40:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Wellcome |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wellcome Open Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a13c1bf5832462a93ea0155a2db10702022-12-22T00:49:50ZengWellcomeWellcome Open Research2398-502X2020-02-01310.12688/wellcomeopenres.14618.317232Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved]Giridhara R. Babu0G.V.S. Murthy1Yogesh Reddy2R. Deepa3A. Yamuna4S. Prafulla5Anjaly Krishnan6Eunice Lobo7Mohanbabu Rathnaiah8Sanjay Kinra9Indian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Madhapur, Hyderabad, 500033, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaIndian Institute of Public Health - Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka , 560023, IndiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UKDepartment of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UKBackground: Annually, more than a million low birthweight (LBW) is born in India, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Several studies have undertaken the association of poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors with LBW. Through our study, we aimed to examine the possibility of any relation between the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score measured during pregnancy with the incidence of babies born Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Methods: Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at a public hospital between 14 to 32 weeks were recruited from April 2016 to Oct 2017. The EPDS was administered to assess depression through face-to-face interviews. Newborn anthropometry was performed post-delivery. For analysis, birth weight <10 percentile was classified as SGA. Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms (EPDS score >11) was 16.5% (n=108/654) in antenatal mothers. These women delivered a higher proportion of SGA babies (21.3 v/s 15.8) compared to women with no symptoms. The odds of women giving birth to a child with SGA were twice as high for women with EPDS scores >11 (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.12 – 3.70) compared to the women with EPDS scores of ≤11, The EPDS 12 (Adjusted OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.04 – 3.69) and EPDS 13 (Adjusted OR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.24 – 4.70) cut-off categories also proved to be a risk factor for SGA with significant p-value (0.0006 and 0.0003) and the individuals with more than 13 EPDS score is found to have the highest odds of SGA. Conclusions: We found a strong association of antenatal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with SGA measured by EPDS. Thus, we recommend the implementation of timely and effective screening, diagnostic services, and evidence-based antenatal mental health services to combat SGA and further associated-metabolic syndromes.https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-76/v3 |
| spellingShingle | Giridhara R. Babu G.V.S. Murthy Yogesh Reddy R. Deepa A. Yamuna S. Prafulla Anjaly Krishnan Eunice Lobo Mohanbabu Rathnaiah Sanjay Kinra Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] Wellcome Open Research |
| title | Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] |
| title_full | Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] |
| title_fullStr | Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] |
| title_short | Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 2 not approved] |
| title_sort | small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy results from a birth cohort in india version 3 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations 2 not approved |
| url | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-76/v3 |
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