<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions
The mass-based metabolomic approach was implemented using GC-MS coupled with chemometric analysis to discriminate between the essential oil compositions of six cultivars of <i>Citrus reticulata</i>. The antiaging capability of the essential oils were investigated through measurement of t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3335 |
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| author | Nouran M. Fahmy Sameh S. Elhady Douha F. Bannan Rania T. Malatani Haidy A. Gad |
| author_facet | Nouran M. Fahmy Sameh S. Elhady Douha F. Bannan Rania T. Malatani Haidy A. Gad |
| author_sort | Nouran M. Fahmy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mass-based metabolomic approach was implemented using GC-MS coupled with chemometric analysis to discriminate between the essential oil compositions of six cultivars of <i>Citrus reticulata</i>. The antiaging capability of the essential oils were investigated through measurement of their ability to inhibit the major enzymes hyaluronidase, collagenase, and amylase involved in aging. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of thirty-nine compounds including β-pinene, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-limonene, γ-terpinene, linalool, and dimethyl anthranilate as the main components. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) successfully discriminated the cultivars into five main groups. In vitro antiaging activity showed that Kishu mandarin (Km) (2.19 ± 0.10, 465.9 ± 23.7, 0.31 ± 0.01 µg/mL), Cara mandarin (Cm) (3.22 ± 0.14, 592.1 ± 30.1, 0.66 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and Wm (8.43 ± 0.38, 695.2 ± 35.4, 0.79 ± 0.04%) had the highest inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, collagenase, and amylase, respectively. Molecular docking studies on the major compounds validated the activities of the essential oils and suggested their possible mechanisms of action. Based on our result, certain cultivars of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> can be proposed as a promising candidate in antiaging skin care products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a27af5ac0d5440eb579d5dba8a2ff84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a27af5ac0d5440eb579d5dba8a2ff842023-11-24T11:56:14ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011123333510.3390/plants11233335<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical CompositionsNouran M. Fahmy0Sameh S. Elhady1Douha F. Bannan2Rania T. Malatani3Haidy A. Gad4Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptThe mass-based metabolomic approach was implemented using GC-MS coupled with chemometric analysis to discriminate between the essential oil compositions of six cultivars of <i>Citrus reticulata</i>. The antiaging capability of the essential oils were investigated through measurement of their ability to inhibit the major enzymes hyaluronidase, collagenase, and amylase involved in aging. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of thirty-nine compounds including β-pinene, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-limonene, γ-terpinene, linalool, and dimethyl anthranilate as the main components. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) successfully discriminated the cultivars into five main groups. In vitro antiaging activity showed that Kishu mandarin (Km) (2.19 ± 0.10, 465.9 ± 23.7, 0.31 ± 0.01 µg/mL), Cara mandarin (Cm) (3.22 ± 0.14, 592.1 ± 30.1, 0.66 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and Wm (8.43 ± 0.38, 695.2 ± 35.4, 0.79 ± 0.04%) had the highest inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase, collagenase, and amylase, respectively. Molecular docking studies on the major compounds validated the activities of the essential oils and suggested their possible mechanisms of action. Based on our result, certain cultivars of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> can be proposed as a promising candidate in antiaging skin care products.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3335<i>Citrus reticulata</i>GC-MSantiagingmolecular dockingchemometric analysisindustries development |
| spellingShingle | Nouran M. Fahmy Sameh S. Elhady Douha F. Bannan Rania T. Malatani Haidy A. Gad <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions Plants <i>Citrus reticulata</i> GC-MS antiaging molecular docking chemometric analysis industries development |
| title | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions |
| title_full | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions |
| title_fullStr | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions |
| title_short | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Leaves Essential Oil as an Antiaging Agent: A Comparative Study between Different Cultivars and Correlation with Their Chemical Compositions |
| title_sort | i citrus reticulata i leaves essential oil as an antiaging agent a comparative study between different cultivars and correlation with their chemical compositions |
| topic | <i>Citrus reticulata</i> GC-MS antiaging molecular docking chemometric analysis industries development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3335 |
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