The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials
Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids′ concurrent benefits for cardiometabolic and mental health are equivocal. Despite lack of evidence, up to a third of adults consume Omega-3 supplements. No review has yet been published to report effect on depression in this cardiometabolic population....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1827 |
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| author | Franciskos Arsenyadis Ehtasham Ahmad Emma Redman Thomas Yates Melanie Davies Kamlesh Khunti |
| author_facet | Franciskos Arsenyadis Ehtasham Ahmad Emma Redman Thomas Yates Melanie Davies Kamlesh Khunti |
| author_sort | Franciskos Arsenyadis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids′ concurrent benefits for cardiometabolic and mental health are equivocal. Despite lack of evidence, up to a third of adults consume Omega-3 supplements. No review has yet been published to report effect on depression in this cardiometabolic population. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of double-blinded, controlled randomised trials to investigate the safety and effect of Omega-3 supplementation on depression scores in people with cardiometabolic diseases. Primary outcome was change in depression scores versus placebo. Secondary outcomes were side-effects, concurrent medication and adherence. Results: Seven trials reporting on 2575 (672 female) adults aged 39–73 were included. Omega-3 dosages ranged from 1–3 g with an intervention duration of 10–48 weeks. Six out of seven trials found no statistically or clinically significant change to depression scores compared to placebo. One trial favoured intervention (Relative Risk Reduction: 47.93%, 95% CI: 24.89–63.98%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Sub-analyses showed clinically meaningful reductions in depression scores for those on antidepressants (Intervention: 20.9 (SD: 7.1), Placebo: 24.9 (SD: 8.5) <i>p</i> < 0.05) or with severe depression (−1.74; 95% CI −3.04 to −0.05, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in two separate trials. Side effects were comparable between treatment arms. Conclusions: Omega-3 supplementation is safe to use but not superior to placebo for depression in adults with concurrent cardiometabolic disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2a360fb62b1448c19270a8a61f7cf015 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a360fb62b1448c19270a8a61f7cf0152023-11-23T08:59:05ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-04-01149182710.3390/nu14091827The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control TrialsFranciskos Arsenyadis0Ehtasham Ahmad1Emma Redman2Thomas Yates3Melanie Davies4Kamlesh Khunti5NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UKBackground: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids′ concurrent benefits for cardiometabolic and mental health are equivocal. Despite lack of evidence, up to a third of adults consume Omega-3 supplements. No review has yet been published to report effect on depression in this cardiometabolic population. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of double-blinded, controlled randomised trials to investigate the safety and effect of Omega-3 supplementation on depression scores in people with cardiometabolic diseases. Primary outcome was change in depression scores versus placebo. Secondary outcomes were side-effects, concurrent medication and adherence. Results: Seven trials reporting on 2575 (672 female) adults aged 39–73 were included. Omega-3 dosages ranged from 1–3 g with an intervention duration of 10–48 weeks. Six out of seven trials found no statistically or clinically significant change to depression scores compared to placebo. One trial favoured intervention (Relative Risk Reduction: 47.93%, 95% CI: 24.89–63.98%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Sub-analyses showed clinically meaningful reductions in depression scores for those on antidepressants (Intervention: 20.9 (SD: 7.1), Placebo: 24.9 (SD: 8.5) <i>p</i> < 0.05) or with severe depression (−1.74; 95% CI −3.04 to −0.05, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in two separate trials. Side effects were comparable between treatment arms. Conclusions: Omega-3 supplementation is safe to use but not superior to placebo for depression in adults with concurrent cardiometabolic disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1827Omega-3polyunsaturated fatcardiometabolic diseasedepressionreview |
| spellingShingle | Franciskos Arsenyadis Ehtasham Ahmad Emma Redman Thomas Yates Melanie Davies Kamlesh Khunti The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials Nutrients Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat cardiometabolic disease depression review |
| title | The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials |
| title_full | The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials |
| title_short | The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials |
| title_sort | effects of omega 3 supplementation on depression in adults with cardiometabolic disease a systematic review of randomised control trials |
| topic | Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat cardiometabolic disease depression review |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/9/1827 |
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