In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objective: This review focuses on the in vitro degradation of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for analyzing the weight loss of hydroxyapatite when applied in the human body. Cytotoxicity tests were used to observe cell growth and morphological effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conduc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3223 |
| _version_ | 1797515891689127936 |
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| author | Rohmadi Rohmadi Widyanita Harwijayanti Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Joko Triyono Kuncoro Diharjo Pamudji Utomo |
| author_facet | Rohmadi Rohmadi Widyanita Harwijayanti Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Joko Triyono Kuncoro Diharjo Pamudji Utomo |
| author_sort | Rohmadi Rohmadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This review focuses on the in vitro degradation of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for analyzing the weight loss of hydroxyapatite when applied in the human body. Cytotoxicity tests were used to observe cell growth and morphological effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to observe the weight loss and viable cells of hydroxyapatite when used for implants. Method: Based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) strategy, the articles used for literature review were published in English on SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 1 January 2012 to 22 May 2021. Data regarding existing experiments in the literature articles the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity testing of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite determined the biocompatibility of the materials. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference between the solutions and soaking times used for degradation and the stem cells used for cytotoxicity. Results: From 231 relevant studies, 71 were chosen for full-text analysis, out of which 33 articles met the inclusion criteria for degradation and cytotoxicity analysis. A manual search of the field of study resulted in three additional articles. Thus, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. Significance: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of the biocompatibility of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite. The weight loss and viability cells of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite showed optimum results for viable cells requirements above 70%, and there is a weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for a material implant. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite materials with different soaking times and solutions used. The various kinds of stem cells for incubation of cultured cells in contact with a device, either directly or through diffusions with various kinds of stem cells from animals and humans, yielded viability cells above 70%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:53:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a3ab529559a4ff2a44f7d58a1347a44 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:53:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a3ab529559a4ff2a44f7d58a1347a442023-11-22T16:37:29ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-09-011319322310.3390/polym13193223In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisRohmadi Rohmadi0Widyanita Harwijayanti1Ubaidillah Ubaidillah2Joko Triyono3Kuncoro Diharjo4Pamudji Utomo5Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaDepartment Orthopaedic Traumatology, Prof Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopaedic Hospital Surakarta/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, IndonesiaObjective: This review focuses on the in vitro degradation of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for analyzing the weight loss of hydroxyapatite when applied in the human body. Cytotoxicity tests were used to observe cell growth and morphological effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to observe the weight loss and viable cells of hydroxyapatite when used for implants. Method: Based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) strategy, the articles used for literature review were published in English on SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 1 January 2012 to 22 May 2021. Data regarding existing experiments in the literature articles the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity testing of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite determined the biocompatibility of the materials. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference between the solutions and soaking times used for degradation and the stem cells used for cytotoxicity. Results: From 231 relevant studies, 71 were chosen for full-text analysis, out of which 33 articles met the inclusion criteria for degradation and cytotoxicity analysis. A manual search of the field of study resulted in three additional articles. Thus, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. Significance: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of the biocompatibility of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite. The weight loss and viability cells of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite showed optimum results for viable cells requirements above 70%, and there is a weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for a material implant. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite materials with different soaking times and solutions used. The various kinds of stem cells for incubation of cultured cells in contact with a device, either directly or through diffusions with various kinds of stem cells from animals and humans, yielded viability cells above 70%.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3223eggshellshydroxyapatitedegradationcytotoxicitymeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Rohmadi Rohmadi Widyanita Harwijayanti Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Joko Triyono Kuncoro Diharjo Pamudji Utomo In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Polymers eggshells hydroxyapatite degradation cytotoxicity meta-analysis |
| title | In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity of eggshell based hydroxyapatite a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | eggshells hydroxyapatite degradation cytotoxicity meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3223 |
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