<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation
Adaptive stress tolerance responses are the driving force behind the survival ability of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in different environmental niches, within foods, and ultimately, the ability to cause human infections. Although the bacterial stress adaptive responses are primarily a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/8/1522 |
| _version_ | 1827617701051236352 |
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| author | Thulani Sibanda Elna M. Buys |
| author_facet | Thulani Sibanda Elna M. Buys |
| author_sort | Thulani Sibanda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adaptive stress tolerance responses are the driving force behind the survival ability of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in different environmental niches, within foods, and ultimately, the ability to cause human infections. Although the bacterial stress adaptive responses are primarily a necessity for survival in foods and the environment, some aspects of the stress responses are linked to bacterial pathogenesis. Food stress-induced adaptive tolerance responses to acid and osmotic stresses can protect the pathogen against similar stresses in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and, thus, directly aid its virulence potential. Moreover, once in the GIT, the reprogramming of gene expression from the stress survival-related genes to virulence-related genes allows <i>L. monocytogenes</i> to switch from an avirulent to a virulent state. This transition is controlled by two overlapping and interlinked transcriptional networks for general stress response (regulated by Sigma factor B, (SigB)) and virulence (regulated by the positive regulatory factor A (PrfA)). This review explores the current knowledge on the molecular basis of the connection between stress tolerance responses and the pathogenesis of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The review gives a detailed background on the currently known mechanisms of pathogenesis and stress adaptation. Furthermore, the paper looks at the current literature and theories on the overlaps and connections between the regulatory networks for SigB and PrfA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:51:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a40537b37114e2db572cbac49200433 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:51:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a40537b37114e2db572cbac492004332023-12-02T00:02:20ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-07-01108152210.3390/microorganisms10081522<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress AdaptationThulani Sibanda0Elna M. Buys1Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaDepartment of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaAdaptive stress tolerance responses are the driving force behind the survival ability of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in different environmental niches, within foods, and ultimately, the ability to cause human infections. Although the bacterial stress adaptive responses are primarily a necessity for survival in foods and the environment, some aspects of the stress responses are linked to bacterial pathogenesis. Food stress-induced adaptive tolerance responses to acid and osmotic stresses can protect the pathogen against similar stresses in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and, thus, directly aid its virulence potential. Moreover, once in the GIT, the reprogramming of gene expression from the stress survival-related genes to virulence-related genes allows <i>L. monocytogenes</i> to switch from an avirulent to a virulent state. This transition is controlled by two overlapping and interlinked transcriptional networks for general stress response (regulated by Sigma factor B, (SigB)) and virulence (regulated by the positive regulatory factor A (PrfA)). This review explores the current knowledge on the molecular basis of the connection between stress tolerance responses and the pathogenesis of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The review gives a detailed background on the currently known mechanisms of pathogenesis and stress adaptation. Furthermore, the paper looks at the current literature and theories on the overlaps and connections between the regulatory networks for SigB and PrfA.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/8/1522<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>virulencestress responseSigma factor B (SigB)positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) |
| spellingShingle | Thulani Sibanda Elna M. Buys <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation Microorganisms <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> virulence stress response Sigma factor B (SigB) positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) |
| title | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation |
| title_full | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation |
| title_fullStr | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation |
| title_short | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Pathogenesis: The Role of Stress Adaptation |
| title_sort | i listeria monocytogenes i pathogenesis the role of stress adaptation |
| topic | <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> virulence stress response Sigma factor B (SigB) positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/8/1522 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thulanisibanda ilisteriamonocytogenesipathogenesistheroleofstressadaptation AT elnambuys ilisteriamonocytogenesipathogenesistheroleofstressadaptation |