Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans)
Babesia species are intraerythrocytic piroplasms that can result in disease characterized by hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Of the 5 species that are known to infect canids in the United States, Babesia conradae is most frequently diagnosed in California, and Babesia vogeli is prevalent in t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422001006 |
| _version_ | 1811184569843449856 |
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| author | Nadia N. Javeed Laura Shultz Samantha Barnum Janet E. Foley Emir Hodzic Emily L. Pascoe Beatríz Martínez-López Niamh Quinn Danielle Bucklin Jonathan D. Dear |
| author_facet | Nadia N. Javeed Laura Shultz Samantha Barnum Janet E. Foley Emir Hodzic Emily L. Pascoe Beatríz Martínez-López Niamh Quinn Danielle Bucklin Jonathan D. Dear |
| author_sort | Nadia N. Javeed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Babesia species are intraerythrocytic piroplasms that can result in disease characterized by hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Of the 5 species that are known to infect canids in the United States, Babesia conradae is most frequently diagnosed in California, and Babesia vogeli is prevalent in the US. Despite the recent re-emergence of B. conradae, the mechanism of transmission is not known. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been a proposed reservoir of disease, and previous work has shown that dogs with known aggressive interactions with coyotes are at greater risk for infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of B. conradae in wild coyote populations in California to assess the viability of coyotes as a potential source of infection for domestic dogs. Four hundred and sixty-one splenic samples were obtained during post-mortem examination of coyote carcasses from Southern California, Fresno, and Hopland. Demographic data including age, sex, cause of death, and urbanity were collected for each coyote. DNA was extracted from samples and amplified using real-time PCR with primers specific for the B. conradae ITS-2 gene. The 18S gene was amplified and sequenced using conventional PCR primers specific to the Babesia genus from any coyotes positive for B. conradae. In total, 22 coyotes tested positive for B. conradae in Fresno (n = 15), Orange (n = 4), San Bernardino (n = 1), and Los Angeles counties (n = 1) with an overall prevalence of 4.8%. Coyotes from Fresno (P<.01) and rural coyotes (P<.01) were significantly more likely to be infected with B. conradae. Ten of 14 samples sequenced were 99–100% homologous to B. conradae, and 4 samples were 100% homologous with B. vogeli DNA indicating co-infection with both pathogens. This study demonstrates that coyotes can become infected and harbor B. conradae and B. vogeli and should be investigated as a possible source of infection in domestic dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a46242eb7584267ba4b4e9d2e6c71db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2213-2244 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a46242eb7584267ba4b4e9d2e6c71db2022-12-22T04:22:25ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife2213-22442022-12-0119294300Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans)Nadia N. Javeed0Laura Shultz1Samantha Barnum2Janet E. Foley3Emir Hodzic4Emily L. Pascoe5Beatríz Martínez-López6Niamh Quinn7Danielle Bucklin8Jonathan D. Dear9Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USAReal-Time PCR Research and Diagnostics Core Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USA; Real-Time PCR Research and Diagnostics Core Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USASouth Coast Research and Extension Center, University of California, 1706 Irvine Blvd, Irvine CA, 92618, USASouth Coast Research and Extension Center, University of California, 1706 Irvine Blvd, Irvine CA, 92618, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616 USA; Corresponding author.Babesia species are intraerythrocytic piroplasms that can result in disease characterized by hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Of the 5 species that are known to infect canids in the United States, Babesia conradae is most frequently diagnosed in California, and Babesia vogeli is prevalent in the US. Despite the recent re-emergence of B. conradae, the mechanism of transmission is not known. Coyotes (Canis latrans) have been a proposed reservoir of disease, and previous work has shown that dogs with known aggressive interactions with coyotes are at greater risk for infection. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of B. conradae in wild coyote populations in California to assess the viability of coyotes as a potential source of infection for domestic dogs. Four hundred and sixty-one splenic samples were obtained during post-mortem examination of coyote carcasses from Southern California, Fresno, and Hopland. Demographic data including age, sex, cause of death, and urbanity were collected for each coyote. DNA was extracted from samples and amplified using real-time PCR with primers specific for the B. conradae ITS-2 gene. The 18S gene was amplified and sequenced using conventional PCR primers specific to the Babesia genus from any coyotes positive for B. conradae. In total, 22 coyotes tested positive for B. conradae in Fresno (n = 15), Orange (n = 4), San Bernardino (n = 1), and Los Angeles counties (n = 1) with an overall prevalence of 4.8%. Coyotes from Fresno (P<.01) and rural coyotes (P<.01) were significantly more likely to be infected with B. conradae. Ten of 14 samples sequenced were 99–100% homologous to B. conradae, and 4 samples were 100% homologous with B. vogeli DNA indicating co-infection with both pathogens. This study demonstrates that coyotes can become infected and harbor B. conradae and B. vogeli and should be investigated as a possible source of infection in domestic dogs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422001006BabesiaBabesia conradaeBabesia vogeliCanis latransHemolytic anemia |
| spellingShingle | Nadia N. Javeed Laura Shultz Samantha Barnum Janet E. Foley Emir Hodzic Emily L. Pascoe Beatríz Martínez-López Niamh Quinn Danielle Bucklin Jonathan D. Dear Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife Babesia Babesia conradae Babesia vogeli Canis latrans Hemolytic anemia |
| title | Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) |
| title_full | Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) |
| title_short | Prevalence and geographic distribution of Babesia conradae and detection of Babesia vogeli in free-ranging California coyotes (Canis latrans) |
| title_sort | prevalence and geographic distribution of babesia conradae and detection of babesia vogeli in free ranging california coyotes canis latrans |
| topic | Babesia Babesia conradae Babesia vogeli Canis latrans Hemolytic anemia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224422001006 |
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