A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems
Northwestern Bantu is the most linguistically diverse area of the Bantu-speaking world. Several unusual grammatical gender systems are reported for this area, but there has been a lack of comprehensive comparative studies. This article is a typological investigation of northwestern Bantu gender syst...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Linguistics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0217 |
| _version_ | 1797208485464637440 |
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| author | Di Garbo Francesca Verkerk Annemarie |
| author_facet | Di Garbo Francesca Verkerk Annemarie |
| author_sort | Di Garbo Francesca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Northwestern Bantu is the most linguistically diverse area of the Bantu-speaking world. Several unusual grammatical gender systems are reported for this area, but there has been a lack of comprehensive comparative studies. This article is a typological investigation of northwestern Bantu gender systems based on a sample of 179 languages. We study the distribution of various patterns of animacy-based agreement in the languages of the sample and in relationship with the Agreement Hierarchy. We find that animacy-based agreement is widespread in northwestern Bantu. If restricted to animate nouns, it tends to coexist in stable variation with syntactic agreement. When generalized to both animate and inanimate nouns, animacy-based agreement appears to contribute to the erosion of gender marking. In line with the prediction of the Agreement Hierarchy, we find that animacy-based agreement is prevalent with verbs and pronouns. Within the noun phrase, it spreads in ways that are suggestive of a hierarchy of syntactic integration between nouns and adnominal modifiers, which had gone unnoticed in the existing literature. These results have important implications for current models of Bantu gender systems and shed new light on animacy effects in the diachrony of gender more generally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:39:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a51fac5a6a74a3b86306ad2c42db098 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0024-3949 1613-396X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:39:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Linguistics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a51fac5a6a74a3b86306ad2c42db0982024-04-15T07:41:57ZengDe GruyterLinguistics0024-39491613-396X2022-07-016041169123910.1515/ling-2020-0217A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systemsDi Garbo Francesca0Verkerk Annemarie1Department of Languages, General Linguistics, University of Helsinki, PL 24 (Unioninkatu 40) 00014, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Language Science and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyNorthwestern Bantu is the most linguistically diverse area of the Bantu-speaking world. Several unusual grammatical gender systems are reported for this area, but there has been a lack of comprehensive comparative studies. This article is a typological investigation of northwestern Bantu gender systems based on a sample of 179 languages. We study the distribution of various patterns of animacy-based agreement in the languages of the sample and in relationship with the Agreement Hierarchy. We find that animacy-based agreement is widespread in northwestern Bantu. If restricted to animate nouns, it tends to coexist in stable variation with syntactic agreement. When generalized to both animate and inanimate nouns, animacy-based agreement appears to contribute to the erosion of gender marking. In line with the prediction of the Agreement Hierarchy, we find that animacy-based agreement is prevalent with verbs and pronouns. Within the noun phrase, it spreads in ways that are suggestive of a hierarchy of syntactic integration between nouns and adnominal modifiers, which had gone unnoticed in the existing literature. These results have important implications for current models of Bantu gender systems and shed new light on animacy effects in the diachrony of gender more generally.https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0217agreement hierarchyanimacy distinctionsbantu languagesgrammatical genderlanguage evolution and change |
| spellingShingle | Di Garbo Francesca Verkerk Annemarie A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems Linguistics agreement hierarchy animacy distinctions bantu languages grammatical gender language evolution and change |
| title | A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems |
| title_full | A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems |
| title_fullStr | A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems |
| title_short | A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems |
| title_sort | typology of northwestern bantu gender systems |
| topic | agreement hierarchy animacy distinctions bantu languages grammatical gender language evolution and change |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0217 |
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