| Summary: | The sampling effect of the imaging acquisition device is an integration of the input signal within the pixel, resulting in an additional error in the pixel value. Additionally, a sampler with asymmetric intra-pixel quantum efficiency leads to position errors in high-precision astrometry. This paper proposes a model for the integral sampling process. An algorithm that solves the sampling effect, as well as the position error with high accuracy, is also provided. This algorithm provides an accuracy increase of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> for Gaussian images with a uniform integral sampler. The accuracy limit of the Gaussian image comes from the truncation error. Also, this algorithm provides about 4 times accuracy improvement by eliminating the systematic error caused by the integral sampler with asymmetric intra-pixel quantum efficiency.
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