Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion
Developments in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology have brought innovations in three-dimensional (3D) measurement. After mechanical laser scanners were introduced in the 1990s, the speed and point density of LiDAR measurements have increased considerably with the developments in photon i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6488 |
| _version_ | 1797597930194993152 |
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| author | Cihan Altuntas |
| author_facet | Cihan Altuntas |
| author_sort | Cihan Altuntas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developments in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology have brought innovations in three-dimensional (3D) measurement. After mechanical laser scanners were introduced in the 1990s, the speed and point density of LiDAR measurements have increased considerably with the developments in photon imagers. On the other hand, lightweight and small-size LiDAR sensors and their integrated use with other related sensors have made the use of LiDAR widespread for mapping and navigation purposes on mobile platforms. Matrix imaging LiDAR cameras and solid-state laser scanners have no or fewer moving parts for measurement, and are unaffected by vibrations. They are usually used in mobile mapping, driverless vehicle navigation, and mobile robot navigation. Pulse or phase-shift methods are used to measure the distance from the LiDAR instrument to the scan point. The measured scan point direction is determined by the orientation angles of the beam in scanners, focal length, and pixel positions in matrix viewers, and instrument-centered 3D coordinates are calculated. LiDAR tools have their own specific capabilities and limitations. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate LiDAR for any application is very important. In this study, after LiDAR principles are introduced, scanning LiDAR and pixel-based matrix imager LiDAR methods used to measure 3D point clouds are technically examined and analyzed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a5b78fe8c9a4f51a1673879c42a519c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a5b78fe8c9a4f51a1673879c42a519c2023-11-18T07:32:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011311648810.3390/app13116488Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or MotionCihan Altuntas0Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Selcuklu 42250, TurkeyDevelopments in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology have brought innovations in three-dimensional (3D) measurement. After mechanical laser scanners were introduced in the 1990s, the speed and point density of LiDAR measurements have increased considerably with the developments in photon imagers. On the other hand, lightweight and small-size LiDAR sensors and their integrated use with other related sensors have made the use of LiDAR widespread for mapping and navigation purposes on mobile platforms. Matrix imaging LiDAR cameras and solid-state laser scanners have no or fewer moving parts for measurement, and are unaffected by vibrations. They are usually used in mobile mapping, driverless vehicle navigation, and mobile robot navigation. Pulse or phase-shift methods are used to measure the distance from the LiDAR instrument to the scan point. The measured scan point direction is determined by the orientation angles of the beam in scanners, focal length, and pixel positions in matrix viewers, and instrument-centered 3D coordinates are calculated. LiDAR tools have their own specific capabilities and limitations. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate LiDAR for any application is very important. In this study, after LiDAR principles are introduced, scanning LiDAR and pixel-based matrix imager LiDAR methods used to measure 3D point clouds are technically examined and analyzed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6488laser scannertime-of-flight camerapoint cloud3D flash LiDAR3D measurement |
| spellingShingle | Cihan Altuntas Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion Applied Sciences laser scanner time-of-flight camera point cloud 3D flash LiDAR 3D measurement |
| title | Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion |
| title_full | Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion |
| title_fullStr | Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion |
| title_short | Review of Scanning and Pixel Array-Based LiDAR Point-Cloud Measurement Techniques to Capture 3D Shape or Motion |
| title_sort | review of scanning and pixel array based lidar point cloud measurement techniques to capture 3d shape or motion |
| topic | laser scanner time-of-flight camera point cloud 3D flash LiDAR 3D measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6488 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cihanaltuntas reviewofscanningandpixelarraybasedlidarpointcloudmeasurementtechniquestocapture3dshapeormotion |