A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications
This article is aimed at designing an inventive compact-size quad-port antenna that can be operated within terahertz (THz) frequency spectra for a 6G high-speed wireless communication link. The single-element antenna comprises a lotus-petal-like radiating patch and a defected ground structure (DGS)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69 |
| _version_ | 1797573280152944640 |
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| author | Jeenal Raghunath Praveen Kumar Tanweer Ali Pradeep Kumar Parveez Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse Sameena Pathan |
| author_facet | Jeenal Raghunath Praveen Kumar Tanweer Ali Pradeep Kumar Parveez Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse Sameena Pathan |
| author_sort | Jeenal Raghunath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article is aimed at designing an inventive compact-size quad-port antenna that can be operated within terahertz (THz) frequency spectra for a 6G high-speed wireless communication link. The single-element antenna comprises a lotus-petal-like radiating patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) on a 20 × 20 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> polyamide substrate and is designed to operate within the 8.96–13.5 THz frequency range. The THz antenna is deployed for a two-port MIMO configuration having a size of 46 × 20 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> with interelement separation of less than a quarter-wavelength of 0.18λ (λ at 9 THz). The two-port configuration operates in the 9–13.25 THz frequency range, with better than −25 dB isolation. Further, the two-port THz antenna is mirrored vertically with a separation of 0.5λ to form the four-port MIMO configuration. The proposed four-port THz antenna has dimensions of 46 × 46 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> and operates in the frequency range of 9–13 THz. Isolation improvement better than −25 dB is realized by incorporating parasitic elements onto the ground plane. Performance analysis of the proposed antenna in terms of MIMO diversity parameters, viz., envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.05, diversity gain (DG) ≈ 10, mean effective gain (MEG) < −3 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.3 bps/Hz, and multiplexing efficiency (ME) < 0 dB, is performed to justify the appropriateness of the proposed antenna for MIMO applications. The antenna has virtuous radiation properties with good gain, which is crucial for any wireless communication system, especially for the THz communication network. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:07:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a61f344d2eb4f13803ef444a9b433a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2224-2708 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:07:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a61f344d2eb4f13803ef444a9b433a32023-11-19T17:02:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks2224-27082023-09-011256910.3390/jsan12050069A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless ApplicationsJeenal Raghunath0Praveen Kumar1Tanweer Ali2Pradeep Kumar3Parveez Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse4Sameena Pathan5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDiscipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaThis article is aimed at designing an inventive compact-size quad-port antenna that can be operated within terahertz (THz) frequency spectra for a 6G high-speed wireless communication link. The single-element antenna comprises a lotus-petal-like radiating patch and a defected ground structure (DGS) on a 20 × 20 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> polyamide substrate and is designed to operate within the 8.96–13.5 THz frequency range. The THz antenna is deployed for a two-port MIMO configuration having a size of 46 × 20 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> with interelement separation of less than a quarter-wavelength of 0.18λ (λ at 9 THz). The two-port configuration operates in the 9–13.25 THz frequency range, with better than −25 dB isolation. Further, the two-port THz antenna is mirrored vertically with a separation of 0.5λ to form the four-port MIMO configuration. The proposed four-port THz antenna has dimensions of 46 × 46 × 2 µm<sup>3</sup> and operates in the frequency range of 9–13 THz. Isolation improvement better than −25 dB is realized by incorporating parasitic elements onto the ground plane. Performance analysis of the proposed antenna in terms of MIMO diversity parameters, viz., envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.05, diversity gain (DG) ≈ 10, mean effective gain (MEG) < −3 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.3 bps/Hz, and multiplexing efficiency (ME) < 0 dB, is performed to justify the appropriateness of the proposed antenna for MIMO applications. The antenna has virtuous radiation properties with good gain, which is crucial for any wireless communication system, especially for the THz communication network.https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69nature-inspired lotusterahertz (THz)Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)DGS |
| spellingShingle | Jeenal Raghunath Praveen Kumar Tanweer Ali Pradeep Kumar Parveez Shariff Bhadrvathi Ghouse Sameena Pathan A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks nature-inspired lotus terahertz (THz) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) DGS |
| title | A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications |
| title_full | A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications |
| title_fullStr | A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications |
| title_short | A Quad-Port Nature-Inspired Lotus-Shaped Wideband Terahertz Antenna for Wireless Applications |
| title_sort | quad port nature inspired lotus shaped wideband terahertz antenna for wireless applications |
| topic | nature-inspired lotus terahertz (THz) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) DGS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/12/5/69 |
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