Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species
Heterostyly is a breeding system that promotes outbreeding through a combination of morphological and physiological floral traits. In <i>Turnera</i> these traits are governed by a single, hemizygous <i>S</i>-locus containing just three genes. We report that the <i>S<...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10603 |
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| author | Courtney M. Matzke Hasan J. Hamam Paige M. Henning Kyra Dougherty Joel S. Shore Michael M. Neff Andrew G. McCubbin |
| author_facet | Courtney M. Matzke Hasan J. Hamam Paige M. Henning Kyra Dougherty Joel S. Shore Michael M. Neff Andrew G. McCubbin |
| author_sort | Courtney M. Matzke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heterostyly is a breeding system that promotes outbreeding through a combination of morphological and physiological floral traits. In <i>Turnera</i> these traits are governed by a single, hemizygous <i>S</i>-locus containing just three genes. We report that the <i>S</i>-locus gene, <i>BAHD</i>, is mutated and encodes a severely truncated protein in a self-compatible long homostyle species. Further, a self-compatible long homostyle mutant possesses a <i>T. krapovickasii</i> <i>BAHD</i> allele with a point mutation in a highly conserved domain of BAHD acyl transferases. Wild type and mutant <i>TkBAHD</i> alleles were expressed in <i>Arabidopsis</i> to assay for brassinosteroid (BR) inactivating activity. The wild type but not mutant allele caused dwarfism, consistent with the wild type possessing, but the mutant allele having lost, BR inactivating activity. To investigate whether BRs act directly in self-incompatibility, BRs were added to in vitro pollen cultures of the two mating types. A small morph specific stimulatory effect on pollen tube growth was found with 5 µM brassinolide, but no genotype specific inhibition was observed. These results suggest that <i>BAHD</i> acts pleiotropically to mediate pistil length and physiological mating type through BR inactivation, and that in regard to self-incompatibility, BR acts by differentially regulating gene expression in pistils, rather than directly on pollen. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:58:38Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2a69c3a9653047dda724475168a1ebca2023-11-22T16:12:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-0122191060310.3390/ijms221910603Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> SpeciesCourtney M. Matzke0Hasan J. Hamam1Paige M. Henning2Kyra Dougherty3Joel S. Shore4Michael M. Neff5Andrew G. McCubbin6School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USADepartment of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaSchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USADepartment of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaDepartment of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaDepartment of Crops and Soils, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USAHeterostyly is a breeding system that promotes outbreeding through a combination of morphological and physiological floral traits. In <i>Turnera</i> these traits are governed by a single, hemizygous <i>S</i>-locus containing just three genes. We report that the <i>S</i>-locus gene, <i>BAHD</i>, is mutated and encodes a severely truncated protein in a self-compatible long homostyle species. Further, a self-compatible long homostyle mutant possesses a <i>T. krapovickasii</i> <i>BAHD</i> allele with a point mutation in a highly conserved domain of BAHD acyl transferases. Wild type and mutant <i>TkBAHD</i> alleles were expressed in <i>Arabidopsis</i> to assay for brassinosteroid (BR) inactivating activity. The wild type but not mutant allele caused dwarfism, consistent with the wild type possessing, but the mutant allele having lost, BR inactivating activity. To investigate whether BRs act directly in self-incompatibility, BRs were added to in vitro pollen cultures of the two mating types. A small morph specific stimulatory effect on pollen tube growth was found with 5 µM brassinolide, but no genotype specific inhibition was observed. These results suggest that <i>BAHD</i> acts pleiotropically to mediate pistil length and physiological mating type through BR inactivation, and that in regard to self-incompatibility, BR acts by differentially regulating gene expression in pistils, rather than directly on pollen.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10603heterostylyself-incompatibilitybrassinosteroidBAHD acyltransferase |
| spellingShingle | Courtney M. Matzke Hasan J. Hamam Paige M. Henning Kyra Dougherty Joel S. Shore Michael M. Neff Andrew G. McCubbin Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species International Journal of Molecular Sciences heterostyly self-incompatibility brassinosteroid BAHD acyltransferase |
| title | Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species |
| title_full | Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species |
| title_short | Pistil Mating Type and Morphology Are Mediated by the Brassinosteroid Inactivating Activity of the <i>S</i>-Locus Gene <i>BAHD</i> in Heterostylous <i>Turnera</i> Species |
| title_sort | pistil mating type and morphology are mediated by the brassinosteroid inactivating activity of the i s i locus gene i bahd i in heterostylous i turnera i species |
| topic | heterostyly self-incompatibility brassinosteroid BAHD acyltransferase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10603 |
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