Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India
Abstract Understanding spatial determinants, i.e., social, infrastructural, and environmental features of a place, which shape infectious disease is critically important for public health. We present an exploration of the spatial determinants of reported COVID-19 incidence across India’s 641 urban a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-10-01
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| Series: | npj Urban Sustainability |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00071-z |
| _version_ | 1811198098770231296 |
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| author | Bhartendu Pandey Jianyu Gu Anu Ramaswami |
| author_facet | Bhartendu Pandey Jianyu Gu Anu Ramaswami |
| author_sort | Bhartendu Pandey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Understanding spatial determinants, i.e., social, infrastructural, and environmental features of a place, which shape infectious disease is critically important for public health. We present an exploration of the spatial determinants of reported COVID-19 incidence across India’s 641 urban and rural districts, comparing two waves (2020–2021). Three key results emerge using three COVID-19 incidence metrics: cumulative incidence proportion (aggregate risk), cumulative temporal incidence rate, and severity ratio. First, in the same district, characteristics of COVID-19 incidences are similar across waves, with the second wave over four times more severe than the first. Second, after controlling for state-level effects, urbanization (urban population share), living standards, and population age emerge as positive determinants of both risk and rates across waves. Third, keeping all else constant, lower shares of workers working from home correlate with greater infection risk during the second wave. While much attention has focused on intra-urban disease spread, our findings suggest that understanding spatial determinants across human settlements is also important for managing current and future pandemics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:25:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a6af5e04ba64a93b48adbfcd976a70e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2661-8001 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:25:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Urban Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a6af5e04ba64a93b48adbfcd976a70e2022-12-22T03:53:40ZengNature Portfolionpj Urban Sustainability2661-80012022-10-01211910.1038/s42949-022-00071-zCharacterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of IndiaBhartendu Pandey0Jianyu Gu1Anu Ramaswami2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton UniversityAbstract Understanding spatial determinants, i.e., social, infrastructural, and environmental features of a place, which shape infectious disease is critically important for public health. We present an exploration of the spatial determinants of reported COVID-19 incidence across India’s 641 urban and rural districts, comparing two waves (2020–2021). Three key results emerge using three COVID-19 incidence metrics: cumulative incidence proportion (aggregate risk), cumulative temporal incidence rate, and severity ratio. First, in the same district, characteristics of COVID-19 incidences are similar across waves, with the second wave over four times more severe than the first. Second, after controlling for state-level effects, urbanization (urban population share), living standards, and population age emerge as positive determinants of both risk and rates across waves. Third, keeping all else constant, lower shares of workers working from home correlate with greater infection risk during the second wave. While much attention has focused on intra-urban disease spread, our findings suggest that understanding spatial determinants across human settlements is also important for managing current and future pandemics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00071-z |
| spellingShingle | Bhartendu Pandey Jianyu Gu Anu Ramaswami Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India npj Urban Sustainability |
| title | Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India |
| title_full | Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India |
| title_fullStr | Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India |
| title_short | Characterizing COVID-19 waves in urban and rural districts of India |
| title_sort | characterizing covid 19 waves in urban and rural districts of india |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00071-z |
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