Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i>
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EAEC)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1924 |
| _version_ | 1827657734903824384 |
|---|---|
| author | Vemula Prasastha Ram Jyothsna Yasur Padikkamannil Abishad Varsha Unni Diksha Purushottam Gourkhede Maria Anto Dani Nishanth Pollumahanti Niveditha Jess Vergis Satya Veer Singh Malik Byrappa Kullaiah Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure Chatragadda Ramesh Laurent Dufossé Deepak B. Rawool Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe |
| author_facet | Vemula Prasastha Ram Jyothsna Yasur Padikkamannil Abishad Varsha Unni Diksha Purushottam Gourkhede Maria Anto Dani Nishanth Pollumahanti Niveditha Jess Vergis Satya Veer Singh Malik Byrappa Kullaiah Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure Chatragadda Ramesh Laurent Dufossé Deepak B. Rawool Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe |
| author_sort | Vemula Prasastha Ram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EAEC) were investigated. Further, the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of AgC against MDR-EAEC was also assessed in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larval model. In brief, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed effective entrapment of cinnamaldehyde with nanosilver, and the loading efficiency was estimated to be 29.50 ± 0.56%. The AgC was of crystalline form as determined by the X-ray diffractogram with a mono-dispersed spherical morphology of 9.243 ± 1.83 nm in electron microscopy. AgC exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.008–0.016 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.008–0.032 mg/mL against MDR- EAEC strains. Furthermore, AgC was stable (high-end temperatures, proteases, cationic salts, pH, and host sera) and tested safe for sheep erythrocytes as well as secondary cell lines (RAW 264.7 and HEp-2) with no negative effects on the commensal gut lactobacilli. in vitro, time-kill assays revealed that MBC levels of AgC could eliminate MDR-EAEC infection in 120 min. In <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae, AgC (MBC values) increased survival, decreased MDR-EAEC counts (<i>p</i> < 0.001), had an enhanced immunomodulatory effect, and was tested safe to the host. These findings infer that entrapment enhanced the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and AgNPs, overcoming their limitations when used individually, indicating AgC as a promising alternative antimicrobial candidate. However, further investigation in appropriate animal models is required to declare its application against MDR pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a6c746961224318aa3fab4acbc5ee1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a6c746961224318aa3fab4acbc5ee1d2023-11-23T18:23:03ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-09-01149192410.3390/pharmaceutics14091924Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i>Vemula Prasastha Ram0Jyothsna Yasur1Padikkamannil Abishad2Varsha Unni3Diksha Purushottam Gourkhede4Maria Anto Dani Nishanth5Pollumahanti Niveditha6Jess Vergis7Satya Veer Singh Malik8Byrappa Kullaiah9Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure10Chatragadda Ramesh11Laurent Dufossé12Deepak B. Rawool13Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe14Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500092, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode 673576, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode 673576, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500092, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode 673576, IndiaDivision of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, IndiaCentre for Research and Innovations, BGS Institute of Technology, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya 571448, IndiaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur 440006, IndiaBiological Oceanography Division (BOD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula 403004, IndiaChemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products (CHEMBIOPRO Lab), Département Agroalimentaire, Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien (ESIROI), Université de La Réunion, F-97744 Saint-Denis, FranceICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500092, IndiaICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500092, IndiaThe global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EAEC) were investigated. Further, the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of AgC against MDR-EAEC was also assessed in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larval model. In brief, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed effective entrapment of cinnamaldehyde with nanosilver, and the loading efficiency was estimated to be 29.50 ± 0.56%. The AgC was of crystalline form as determined by the X-ray diffractogram with a mono-dispersed spherical morphology of 9.243 ± 1.83 nm in electron microscopy. AgC exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.008–0.016 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.008–0.032 mg/mL against MDR- EAEC strains. Furthermore, AgC was stable (high-end temperatures, proteases, cationic salts, pH, and host sera) and tested safe for sheep erythrocytes as well as secondary cell lines (RAW 264.7 and HEp-2) with no negative effects on the commensal gut lactobacilli. in vitro, time-kill assays revealed that MBC levels of AgC could eliminate MDR-EAEC infection in 120 min. In <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae, AgC (MBC values) increased survival, decreased MDR-EAEC counts (<i>p</i> < 0.001), had an enhanced immunomodulatory effect, and was tested safe to the host. These findings infer that entrapment enhanced the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and AgNPs, overcoming their limitations when used individually, indicating AgC as a promising alternative antimicrobial candidate. However, further investigation in appropriate animal models is required to declare its application against MDR pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1924antimicrobial resistancecinnamaldehydeenteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i><i>Galleria mellonella</i>silver nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Vemula Prasastha Ram Jyothsna Yasur Padikkamannil Abishad Varsha Unni Diksha Purushottam Gourkhede Maria Anto Dani Nishanth Pollumahanti Niveditha Jess Vergis Satya Veer Singh Malik Byrappa Kullaiah Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure Chatragadda Ramesh Laurent Dufossé Deepak B. Rawool Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> Pharmaceutics antimicrobial resistance cinnamaldehyde enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Galleria mellonella</i> silver nanoparticles |
| title | Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_sort | antimicrobial efficacy of green synthesized nanosilver with entrapped cinnamaldehyde against multi drug resistant enteroaggregative i escherichia coli i in i galleria mellonella i |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance cinnamaldehyde enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Galleria mellonella</i> silver nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1924 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vemulaprasastharam antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT jyothsnayasur antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT padikkamannilabishad antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT varshaunni antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT dikshapurushottamgourkhede antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT mariaantodaninishanth antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT pollumahantiniveditha antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT jessvergis antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT satyaveersinghmalik antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT byrappakullaiah antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT nitinvasantraokurkure antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT chatragaddaramesh antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT laurentdufosse antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT deepakbrawool antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai AT sukhadeobbarbuddhe antimicrobialefficacyofgreensynthesizednanosilverwithentrappedcinnamaldehydeagainstmultidrugresistantenteroaggregativeiescherichiacoliiinigalleriamellonellai |