Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation
As a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9004 |
| _version_ | 1797444834790735872 |
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| author | Eike K. Theel Sebastian P. Schwaminger |
| author_facet | Eike K. Theel Sebastian P. Schwaminger |
| author_sort | Eike K. Theel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive point-of-care (POC) applications. To achieve this, exosomes must first be separated from the respective biofluid. Impurities with similar properties, heterogeneity of exosome characteristics, and time-related biofouling complicate the separation. This practical review presents the state-of-the-art methods available for the separation of exosomes. Furthermore, it is shown how new separation methods can be developed. A particular focus lies on the fabrication and design of microfluidic devices using highly selective affinity separation. Due to their compactness, quick analysis time and portable form factor, these microfluidic devices are particularly suitable to deliver fast and reliable results for POC applications. For these devices, new manufacturing methods (e.g., laminating, replica molding and 3D printing) that use low-cost materials and do not require clean rooms are presented. Additionally, special flow routes and patterns that increase contact surfaces, as well as residence time, and thus improve affinity purification are displayed. Finally, various analyses are shown that can be used to evaluate the separation results of a newly developed device. Overall, this review paper provides a toolbox for developing new microfluidic affinity devices for exosome separation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:18:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a6c928237754452a1d620c1c08621d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:18:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a6c928237754452a1d620c1c08621d62023-11-30T21:33:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012316900410.3390/ijms23169004Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome SeparationEike K. Theel0Sebastian P. Schwaminger1Bioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyBioseparation Engineering Group, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyAs a subspecies of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes have provided promising results in diagnostic and theranostic applications in recent years. The nanometer-sized exosomes can be extracted by liquid biopsy from almost all body fluids, making them especially suitable for mainly non-invasive point-of-care (POC) applications. To achieve this, exosomes must first be separated from the respective biofluid. Impurities with similar properties, heterogeneity of exosome characteristics, and time-related biofouling complicate the separation. This practical review presents the state-of-the-art methods available for the separation of exosomes. Furthermore, it is shown how new separation methods can be developed. A particular focus lies on the fabrication and design of microfluidic devices using highly selective affinity separation. Due to their compactness, quick analysis time and portable form factor, these microfluidic devices are particularly suitable to deliver fast and reliable results for POC applications. For these devices, new manufacturing methods (e.g., laminating, replica molding and 3D printing) that use low-cost materials and do not require clean rooms are presented. Additionally, special flow routes and patterns that increase contact surfaces, as well as residence time, and thus improve affinity purification are displayed. Finally, various analyses are shown that can be used to evaluate the separation results of a newly developed device. Overall, this review paper provides a toolbox for developing new microfluidic affinity devices for exosome separation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9004exosomesaffinity separationmicrofluidic chamberpurificationextracellular vesiclesµTAS |
| spellingShingle | Eike K. Theel Sebastian P. Schwaminger Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation International Journal of Molecular Sciences exosomes affinity separation microfluidic chamber purification extracellular vesicles µTAS |
| title | Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation |
| title_full | Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation |
| title_fullStr | Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation |
| title_short | Microfluidic Approaches for Affinity-Based Exosome Separation |
| title_sort | microfluidic approaches for affinity based exosome separation |
| topic | exosomes affinity separation microfluidic chamber purification extracellular vesicles µTAS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9004 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eikektheel microfluidicapproachesforaffinitybasedexosomeseparation AT sebastianpschwaminger microfluidicapproachesforaffinitybasedexosomeseparation |