Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation
This paper presents a study evaluating the perceptual similarity between artificial reverberation algorithms and acoustic measurements. An online headphone-based listening test was conducted and data were collected from 20 expert assessors. Seven reverberation algorithms were tested in the listening...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/840 |
| _version_ | 1797446674065391616 |
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| author | Huan Mi Gavin Kearney Helena Daffern |
| author_facet | Huan Mi Gavin Kearney Helena Daffern |
| author_sort | Huan Mi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a study evaluating the perceptual similarity between artificial reverberation algorithms and acoustic measurements. An online headphone-based listening test was conducted and data were collected from 20 expert assessors. Seven reverberation algorithms were tested in the listening test, including the Dattorro, Directional Feedback Delay Network (DFDN), Feedback Delay Network (FDN), Gardner, Moorer, and Schroeder reverberation algorithms. A new Hybrid Moorer–Schroeder (HMS) reverberation algorithm was included as well. A solo cello piece, male speech, female singing, and a drumbeat were rendered with the seven reverberation algorithms in three different reverberation times (0.266 s, 0.95 s and 2.34 s) as the test conditions. The test was conducted online and based on the Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor (MUSHRA) paradigm. The reference conditions consisted of the same audio samples convolved with measured binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) with the same three reverberation times. The anchor was dual-mono 3.5 kHz low pass filtered audio. The similarity between the test audio and the reference audio was scored on a scale of zero to a hundred. Statistical analysis of the results shows that the Gardner and HMS reverberation algorithms are good candidates for exploration of artificial reverberation in Augmented Reality (AR) scenarios in future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:43:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a6d26b7126c41fea3958d8358fb3c38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:43:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a6d26b7126c41fea3958d8358fb3c382023-11-30T21:02:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-0113284010.3390/app13020840Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real ReverberationHuan Mi0Gavin Kearney1Helena Daffern2AudioLab, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKAudioLab, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKAudioLab, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKThis paper presents a study evaluating the perceptual similarity between artificial reverberation algorithms and acoustic measurements. An online headphone-based listening test was conducted and data were collected from 20 expert assessors. Seven reverberation algorithms were tested in the listening test, including the Dattorro, Directional Feedback Delay Network (DFDN), Feedback Delay Network (FDN), Gardner, Moorer, and Schroeder reverberation algorithms. A new Hybrid Moorer–Schroeder (HMS) reverberation algorithm was included as well. A solo cello piece, male speech, female singing, and a drumbeat were rendered with the seven reverberation algorithms in three different reverberation times (0.266 s, 0.95 s and 2.34 s) as the test conditions. The test was conducted online and based on the Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor (MUSHRA) paradigm. The reference conditions consisted of the same audio samples convolved with measured binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) with the same three reverberation times. The anchor was dual-mono 3.5 kHz low pass filtered audio. The similarity between the test audio and the reference audio was scored on a scale of zero to a hundred. Statistical analysis of the results shows that the Gardner and HMS reverberation algorithms are good candidates for exploration of artificial reverberation in Augmented Reality (AR) scenarios in future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/840reverberation algorithmBRIRMUSHRAHybrid Moorer–Schroeder (HMS) |
| spellingShingle | Huan Mi Gavin Kearney Helena Daffern Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation Applied Sciences reverberation algorithm BRIR MUSHRA Hybrid Moorer–Schroeder (HMS) |
| title | Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation |
| title_full | Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation |
| title_fullStr | Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation |
| title_short | Perceptual Similarities between Artificial Reverberation Algorithms and Real Reverberation |
| title_sort | perceptual similarities between artificial reverberation algorithms and real reverberation |
| topic | reverberation algorithm BRIR MUSHRA Hybrid Moorer–Schroeder (HMS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/2/840 |
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