Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments
Industrial effluents result in water pollution and affect the biological activity of aquatic and terrestrial life. In this study, efficient fungal strains were isolated from the aquatic environment and identified as <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (SN8c) and <i>Aspergillus terreus<...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/703 |
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| author | Nabeela Sumera Afzal Khan Saadat Mehmood Sohaib Bin Shabbir Sajid Ali Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mohammed Fahad Albeshr Muhammad Hamayun |
| author_facet | Nabeela Sumera Afzal Khan Saadat Mehmood Sohaib Bin Shabbir Sajid Ali Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mohammed Fahad Albeshr Muhammad Hamayun |
| author_sort | Nabeela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Industrial effluents result in water pollution and affect the biological activity of aquatic and terrestrial life. In this study, efficient fungal strains were isolated from the aquatic environment and identified as <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (SN8c) and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> (SN40b). The isolates were selected based on their potential to efficiently decolorize and detoxify Remazol brilliant blue (RBB) dye, which is extensively used in different industries. Initially, a total of 70 different fungal isolates were screened. Among these, 19 isolates demonstrated dye decolorization capabilities, and SN8c and SN40b revealed the highest decolorization capabilities in liquid medium. The maximum estimated decolorization for SN8c was 91.3% and for SN40b, 84.5% at 40 mg/L of RBB dye in the presence of glucose (1 gm/L), after 5 days of incubation at different levels of pH, temperature, nutrient source, and concentration. RBB dye decolorization using SN8c and SN40b isolates was at a maximum of 99% at pH 3–5, whereas minimum decolorization was recorded as 71.29% and 73.4% SN8c, respectively, at pH 11. The maximum decolorization of the dye was 93% and 90.9% in a defined glucose concentration of 1 gm/L, and a 63.01% decrease was recorded in the decolorization activity at a low level of glucose concentration (0.2 gm/L). Finally, the decolorization and degradation were detected using UV spectrometry and HPLC. Toxicity tests of pure dye and treated dye samples were checked against the seed germination of different plants and the larvae mortality of <i>Artemia salina</i>. This study revealed that indigenous aquatic fungal flora can recover contaminated sites and support aquatic and terrestrial life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a71712314ec42ef9ca26ff1f9a0d7a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a71712314ec42ef9ca26ff1f9a0d7a62023-12-01T01:23:14ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111370310.3390/microorganisms11030703Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic EnvironmentsNabeela0Sumera Afzal Khan1Saadat Mehmood2Sohaib Bin Shabbir3Sajid Ali4Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei5Mohammed Fahad Albeshr6Muhammad Hamayun7Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanCentre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanCentre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanCentre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanIndustrial effluents result in water pollution and affect the biological activity of aquatic and terrestrial life. In this study, efficient fungal strains were isolated from the aquatic environment and identified as <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (SN8c) and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> (SN40b). The isolates were selected based on their potential to efficiently decolorize and detoxify Remazol brilliant blue (RBB) dye, which is extensively used in different industries. Initially, a total of 70 different fungal isolates were screened. Among these, 19 isolates demonstrated dye decolorization capabilities, and SN8c and SN40b revealed the highest decolorization capabilities in liquid medium. The maximum estimated decolorization for SN8c was 91.3% and for SN40b, 84.5% at 40 mg/L of RBB dye in the presence of glucose (1 gm/L), after 5 days of incubation at different levels of pH, temperature, nutrient source, and concentration. RBB dye decolorization using SN8c and SN40b isolates was at a maximum of 99% at pH 3–5, whereas minimum decolorization was recorded as 71.29% and 73.4% SN8c, respectively, at pH 11. The maximum decolorization of the dye was 93% and 90.9% in a defined glucose concentration of 1 gm/L, and a 63.01% decrease was recorded in the decolorization activity at a low level of glucose concentration (0.2 gm/L). Finally, the decolorization and degradation were detected using UV spectrometry and HPLC. Toxicity tests of pure dye and treated dye samples were checked against the seed germination of different plants and the larvae mortality of <i>Artemia salina</i>. This study revealed that indigenous aquatic fungal flora can recover contaminated sites and support aquatic and terrestrial life.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/703fungal isolatesblue dyedecolorizationtoxicity testseed germinationenvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Nabeela Sumera Afzal Khan Saadat Mehmood Sohaib Bin Shabbir Sajid Ali Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei Mohammed Fahad Albeshr Muhammad Hamayun Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments Microorganisms fungal isolates blue dye decolorization toxicity test seed germination environmental pollution |
| title | Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments |
| title_full | Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments |
| title_short | Efficacy of Fungi in the Decolorization and Detoxification of Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye in Aquatic Environments |
| title_sort | efficacy of fungi in the decolorization and detoxification of remazol brilliant blue dye in aquatic environments |
| topic | fungal isolates blue dye decolorization toxicity test seed germination environmental pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/703 |
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