The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries
Abstract Background The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01520-0 |
| _version_ | 1818838219580506112 |
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| author | Mohammad Mafizur Rahman Khosrul Alam |
| author_facet | Mohammad Mafizur Rahman Khosrul Alam |
| author_sort | Mohammad Mafizur Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-ASEAN countries. Methods Using the data of 2002–2018, and applying the cross-sectional dependence test, Modified Wald test, Wooldridge test, the Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model, the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model, and the pair-wise Granger causality test, the robust outcomes on female health are found. Results Access to electricity, female education rate, public health expenditure, economic growth, and immunization rate, all have a positive effect on female life expectancy at birth, and a negative effect on the female adult mortality rate. The urbanization rate has a significantly positive impact on female life expectancy at birth but an insignificant impact on female adult mortality rate. The one-way causal relationship between the variables are also revealed. Conclusions All the results are rational and have important milestone for the health sector. The health status of females should be improved and protected by formulating effective policies on access to electricity, female education, public health expenditure, immunization, economic growth, and urbanization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:34:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2a9826f00fe549a9a73902728e12a4f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:34:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a9826f00fe549a9a73902728e12a4f22022-12-21T20:37:25ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742021-11-0121111210.1186/s12905-021-01520-0The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countriesMohammad Mafizur Rahman0Khosrul Alam1School of Business, University of Southern QueenslandDepartment of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityAbstract Background The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-ASEAN countries. Methods Using the data of 2002–2018, and applying the cross-sectional dependence test, Modified Wald test, Wooldridge test, the Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model, the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model, and the pair-wise Granger causality test, the robust outcomes on female health are found. Results Access to electricity, female education rate, public health expenditure, economic growth, and immunization rate, all have a positive effect on female life expectancy at birth, and a negative effect on the female adult mortality rate. The urbanization rate has a significantly positive impact on female life expectancy at birth but an insignificant impact on female adult mortality rate. The one-way causal relationship between the variables are also revealed. Conclusions All the results are rational and have important milestone for the health sector. The health status of females should be improved and protected by formulating effective policies on access to electricity, female education, public health expenditure, immunization, economic growth, and urbanization.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01520-0Access to electricityFemale educationPublic health expenditureFemale life expectancyFemale adult mortality |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Mafizur Rahman Khosrul Alam The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries BMC Women's Health Access to electricity Female education Public health expenditure Female life expectancy Female adult mortality |
| title | The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries |
| title_full | The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries |
| title_fullStr | The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries |
| title_short | The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries |
| title_sort | role of access to electricity female education and public health expenditure on female health outcomes evidence from saarc asean countries |
| topic | Access to electricity Female education Public health expenditure Female life expectancy Female adult mortality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01520-0 |
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