Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects
The study used a large sample of elementary schoolchildren in Russia (N = 3,448, 51.6% were girls, with a mean age of 8.70 years, ranging 6–11 years) to investigate the congruency, format and heterogeneity effects in a nonsymbolic comparison test and between-individual differences in these effects w...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021199 |
| _version_ | 1797837007456567296 |
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| author | S. Malykh S. Tarasov I. Baeva E. Nikulchev P. Kolyasnikov D. Ilin I. Marnevskaia A. Malykh V. Ismatullina Y. Kuzmina |
| author_facet | S. Malykh S. Tarasov I. Baeva E. Nikulchev P. Kolyasnikov D. Ilin I. Marnevskaia A. Malykh V. Ismatullina Y. Kuzmina |
| author_sort | S. Malykh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study used a large sample of elementary schoolchildren in Russia (N = 3,448, 51.6% were girls, with a mean age of 8.70 years, ranging 6–11 years) to investigate the congruency, format and heterogeneity effects in a nonsymbolic comparison test and between-individual differences in these effects with generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs). The participants were asked to compare two arrays of figures of different colours in spatially separated or spatially intermixed formats. In addition, the figures could be similar or different for the two arrays. The results revealed that congruency (difference between congruent and incongruent items), format (difference between mixed and separated formats) and heterogeneity (difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions) interacted. The heterogeneity effect was higher in the separated format, while the format effect was higher for the homogeneous condition. The separated format produced a greater congruency effect than the mixed format. In addition, the congruency effect was lower in the heterogeneous condition than in the homogeneous condition. Analysis of between-individual differences revealed that there was significant between-individual variance in the format and congruency effects. Analysis of between-grade differences revealed that accuracy improved from grade 1 to grade 4 only for congruent trials in separated formats. Consequently, the congruency effect increased in separated/homogeneous and separated/heterogeneous conditions. In general, the study demonstrated that the test format and heterogeneity affected accuracy and that this effect varied for congruent and incongruent items. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:19:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2aa87815dc4b4ec6a1e6051aa0327305 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:19:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-2aa87815dc4b4ec6a1e6051aa03273052023-04-29T14:51:36ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-04-0194e14912Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effectsS. Malykh0S. Tarasov1I. Baeva2E. Nikulchev3P. Kolyasnikov4D. Ilin5I. Marnevskaia6A. Malykh7V. Ismatullina8Y. Kuzmina9Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia; Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, RussiaThe Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, RussiaMIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow, RussiaRussian Academy of Education, Moscow, RussiaMIREA—Russian Technological University, Moscow, RussiaPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, RussiaPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, RussiaPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, RussiaHSE University, Moscow, RussiaThe study used a large sample of elementary schoolchildren in Russia (N = 3,448, 51.6% were girls, with a mean age of 8.70 years, ranging 6–11 years) to investigate the congruency, format and heterogeneity effects in a nonsymbolic comparison test and between-individual differences in these effects with generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs). The participants were asked to compare two arrays of figures of different colours in spatially separated or spatially intermixed formats. In addition, the figures could be similar or different for the two arrays. The results revealed that congruency (difference between congruent and incongruent items), format (difference between mixed and separated formats) and heterogeneity (difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions) interacted. The heterogeneity effect was higher in the separated format, while the format effect was higher for the homogeneous condition. The separated format produced a greater congruency effect than the mixed format. In addition, the congruency effect was lower in the heterogeneous condition than in the homogeneous condition. Analysis of between-individual differences revealed that there was significant between-individual variance in the format and congruency effects. Analysis of between-grade differences revealed that accuracy improved from grade 1 to grade 4 only for congruent trials in separated formats. Consequently, the congruency effect increased in separated/homogeneous and separated/heterogeneous conditions. In general, the study demonstrated that the test format and heterogeneity affected accuracy and that this effect varied for congruent and incongruent items.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021199Approximate number systemCongruency effectMixed formatSeparated formatHeterogeneityVisual cues |
| spellingShingle | S. Malykh S. Tarasov I. Baeva E. Nikulchev P. Kolyasnikov D. Ilin I. Marnevskaia A. Malykh V. Ismatullina Y. Kuzmina Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects Heliyon Approximate number system Congruency effect Mixed format Separated format Heterogeneity Visual cues |
| title | Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| title_full | Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| title_fullStr | Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| title_short | Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| title_sort | large scale study of the precision of the approximate number system differences between formats heterogeneity and congruency effects |
| topic | Approximate number system Congruency effect Mixed format Separated format Heterogeneity Visual cues |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021199 |
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