Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States
Enteric bacterial pathogen levels can influence the suitability of irrigation water sources for fruits and vegetables. We hypothesize that stable spatial patterns of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes levels may exist across surface water sources in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Water samples we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Protection |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X23067273 |
| _version_ | 1797788445863575552 |
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| author | Seongyun Kim Yakov Pachepsky Shirley A. Micallef Rachel Rosenberg Goldstein Amy R. Sapkota Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Kalmia E. Kniel Manan Sharma |
| author_facet | Seongyun Kim Yakov Pachepsky Shirley A. Micallef Rachel Rosenberg Goldstein Amy R. Sapkota Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Kalmia E. Kniel Manan Sharma |
| author_sort | Seongyun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enteric bacterial pathogen levels can influence the suitability of irrigation water sources for fruits and vegetables. We hypothesize that stable spatial patterns of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes levels may exist across surface water sources in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Water samples were collected at four streams and two pond sites in the mid-Atlantic U.S. over 2 years, biweekly during the fruit and vegetable growing seasons, and once a month during nongrowing seasons. Two stream sites and one pond site had significantly different mean concentrations in growing and nongrowing seasons. Stable spatial patterns were determined for relative differences between the site concentrations and average concentration of both pathogens across the study area. Mean relative differences were significantly different from zero at four of the six sites for S. enterica and three of six sites for L. monocytogenes. There was a similarity between the mean relative difference distribution between sites over growing season, nongrowing season, and the entire observation period. Mean relative differences were determined for temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, specific electrical conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and cumulative rainfall. A moderate-to-strong Spearman correlation (rs > 0.657) was found between spatial patterns of S. enterica and 7-day rainfall, and between relative difference patterns of L. monocytogenes and temperature (rs = 0.885) and dissolved oxygen (rs = -0.885). Persistence in ranking sampling sites by the concentrations of the two pathogens was also observed. Finding spatially stable patterns in pathogen concentrations highlights spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms across the study area can facilitate the design of an effective microbial water quality monitoring program for surface irrigation water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:36:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2aac44a5eff34cf999843a0b64d16529 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0362-028X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:36:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Food Protection |
| spelling | doaj.art-2aac44a5eff34cf999843a0b64d165292023-07-04T05:08:06ZengElsevierJournal of Food Protection0362-028X2023-04-01864100058Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United StatesSeongyun Kim0Yakov Pachepsky1Shirley A. Micallef2Rachel Rosenberg Goldstein3Amy R. Sapkota4Fawzy Hashem5Salina Parveen6Kalmia E. Kniel7Manan Sharma8United States Department of Agriculture, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of KoreaUnited States Department of Agriculture, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAMaryland Institute of Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAMaryland Institute of Applied and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USADepartment of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USAEnteric bacterial pathogen levels can influence the suitability of irrigation water sources for fruits and vegetables. We hypothesize that stable spatial patterns of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes levels may exist across surface water sources in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Water samples were collected at four streams and two pond sites in the mid-Atlantic U.S. over 2 years, biweekly during the fruit and vegetable growing seasons, and once a month during nongrowing seasons. Two stream sites and one pond site had significantly different mean concentrations in growing and nongrowing seasons. Stable spatial patterns were determined for relative differences between the site concentrations and average concentration of both pathogens across the study area. Mean relative differences were significantly different from zero at four of the six sites for S. enterica and three of six sites for L. monocytogenes. There was a similarity between the mean relative difference distribution between sites over growing season, nongrowing season, and the entire observation period. Mean relative differences were determined for temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, specific electrical conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and cumulative rainfall. A moderate-to-strong Spearman correlation (rs > 0.657) was found between spatial patterns of S. enterica and 7-day rainfall, and between relative difference patterns of L. monocytogenes and temperature (rs = 0.885) and dissolved oxygen (rs = -0.885). Persistence in ranking sampling sites by the concentrations of the two pathogens was also observed. Finding spatially stable patterns in pathogen concentrations highlights spatiotemporal dynamics of these microorganisms across the study area can facilitate the design of an effective microbial water quality monitoring program for surface irrigation water.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X23067273Irrigation waterListeria monocytogenesSalmonellaSurface waterTemporal stability |
| spellingShingle | Seongyun Kim Yakov Pachepsky Shirley A. Micallef Rachel Rosenberg Goldstein Amy R. Sapkota Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Kalmia E. Kniel Manan Sharma Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States Journal of Food Protection Irrigation water Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella Surface water Temporal stability |
| title | Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States |
| title_full | Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States |
| title_short | Temporal Stability of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Surface Waters Used for Irrigation in the Mid-Atlantic United States |
| title_sort | temporal stability of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in surface waters used for irrigation in the mid atlantic united states |
| topic | Irrigation water Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella Surface water Temporal stability |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X23067273 |
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