Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems
Within an increasingly connected world, the exponential growth in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents a significant challenge in power and data transfer optimisation. Currently, the maximization of Radio Frequency (RF) system power gain depends on the design of efficient...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/11/2/16 |
| _version_ | 1797539383432183808 |
|---|---|
| author | Benoit Couraud Remy Vauche Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis David Flynn Thibaut Deleruyelle Edith Kussener Stylianos Assimonis |
| author_facet | Benoit Couraud Remy Vauche Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis David Flynn Thibaut Deleruyelle Edith Kussener Stylianos Assimonis |
| author_sort | Benoit Couraud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Within an increasingly connected world, the exponential growth in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents a significant challenge in power and data transfer optimisation. Currently, the maximization of Radio Frequency (RF) system power gain depends on the design of efficient, commercial chips, and on the integration of these chips by using complex RF simulations to verify bespoke configurations. However, even if a standard 50<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><mo>Ω</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> transmitter’s chip has an efficiency of 90%, the overall power efficiency of the RF system can be reduced by 10% if coupled with a standard antenna of 72<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><mo>Ω</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Hence, it is necessary for scalable IoT networks to have optimal RF system design for every transceiver: for example, impedance mismatching between a transmitter’s antenna and chip leads to a significant reduction of the corresponding RF system’s overall power efficiency. This work presents a versatile design framework, based on well-known theoretical methods (i.e., transducer gain, power wave approach, transmission line theory), for the optimal design in terms of power delivered to a load of a typical RF system, which consists of an antenna, a matching network, a load (e.g., integrated circuit) and transmission lines which connect all these parts. The aim of this design framework is not only to reduce the computational effort needed for the design and prototyping of power efficient RF systems, but also to increase the accuracy of the analysis, based on the explanatory analysis within our design framework. Simulated and measured results verify the accuracy of this proposed design framework over a 0–4 GHz spectrum. Finally, a case study based on the design of an RF system for Bluetooth applications demonstrates the benefits of this RF design framework. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2aaebc26e0c0498894337410f141f954 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9268 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| spelling | doaj.art-2aaebc26e0c0498894337410f141f9542023-11-21T13:32:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Low Power Electronics and Applications2079-92682021-03-011121610.3390/jlpea11020016Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF SystemsBenoit Couraud0Remy Vauche1Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis2David Flynn3Thibaut Deleruyelle4Edith Kussener5Stylianos Assimonis6Smart Systems Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKAix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, FranceSmart Systems Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKSmart Systems Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UKAix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, FranceInstitute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT), Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UKWithin an increasingly connected world, the exponential growth in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) applications presents a significant challenge in power and data transfer optimisation. Currently, the maximization of Radio Frequency (RF) system power gain depends on the design of efficient, commercial chips, and on the integration of these chips by using complex RF simulations to verify bespoke configurations. However, even if a standard 50<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><mo>Ω</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> transmitter’s chip has an efficiency of 90%, the overall power efficiency of the RF system can be reduced by 10% if coupled with a standard antenna of 72<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mspace width="0.166667em"></mspace><mo>Ω</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Hence, it is necessary for scalable IoT networks to have optimal RF system design for every transceiver: for example, impedance mismatching between a transmitter’s antenna and chip leads to a significant reduction of the corresponding RF system’s overall power efficiency. This work presents a versatile design framework, based on well-known theoretical methods (i.e., transducer gain, power wave approach, transmission line theory), for the optimal design in terms of power delivered to a load of a typical RF system, which consists of an antenna, a matching network, a load (e.g., integrated circuit) and transmission lines which connect all these parts. The aim of this design framework is not only to reduce the computational effort needed for the design and prototyping of power efficient RF systems, but also to increase the accuracy of the analysis, based on the explanatory analysis within our design framework. Simulated and measured results verify the accuracy of this proposed design framework over a 0–4 GHz spectrum. Finally, a case study based on the design of an RF system for Bluetooth applications demonstrates the benefits of this RF design framework.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/11/2/16internet of things (IoT)RF circuitRF integrationtransmission line theory |
| spellingShingle | Benoit Couraud Remy Vauche Spyridon Nektarios Daskalakis David Flynn Thibaut Deleruyelle Edith Kussener Stylianos Assimonis Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications internet of things (IoT) RF circuit RF integration transmission line theory |
| title | Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems |
| title_full | Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems |
| title_fullStr | Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems |
| title_short | Internet of Things: A Review on Theory Based Impedance Matching Techniques for Energy Efficient RF Systems |
| title_sort | internet of things a review on theory based impedance matching techniques for energy efficient rf systems |
| topic | internet of things (IoT) RF circuit RF integration transmission line theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/11/2/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT benoitcouraud internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT remyvauche internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT spyridonnektariosdaskalakis internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT davidflynn internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT thibautdeleruyelle internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT edithkussener internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems AT stylianosassimonis internetofthingsareviewontheorybasedimpedancematchingtechniquesforenergyefficientrfsystems |