Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016
Abstract Background Nigeria has made remarkable progress in its current efforts to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission despite the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in 2016. The gains made in Nigeria have been achieved through concerted efforts by governments at all levels, traditional leaders, hea...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2018-12-01
|
| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-6186-y |
| _version_ | 1818047050304978944 |
|---|---|
| author | Gregory C. Umeh Faisal Shuaib Audu Musa Sisay G. Tegegne Fiona Braka Pascal Mkanda Richard Banda Usman Adamu Terna I. Nomhwange Eyiotoyo Arenyeka Semeeh A. Omoleke Ticha M. Johnson Kehinde Craig Ibrahim Idris Hadiza Iyal Ishaku G. Sambo Peter Nsubuga |
| author_facet | Gregory C. Umeh Faisal Shuaib Audu Musa Sisay G. Tegegne Fiona Braka Pascal Mkanda Richard Banda Usman Adamu Terna I. Nomhwange Eyiotoyo Arenyeka Semeeh A. Omoleke Ticha M. Johnson Kehinde Craig Ibrahim Idris Hadiza Iyal Ishaku G. Sambo Peter Nsubuga |
| author_sort | Gregory C. Umeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nigeria has made remarkable progress in its current efforts to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission despite the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in 2016. The gains made in Nigeria have been achieved through concerted efforts by governments at all levels, traditional leaders, health workers, caregivers, and development partners. The efforts have involved an elaborate plan, coordination, and effective implementation of routine immunization services, supplemental immunization activities, and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Methods We conducted the following activities to strengthen AFP surveillance in Kaduna state: a monetary reward for all AFP cases reported by health workers or community informants and verified as “true” AFP by a World Health Organization (WHO) cluster coordinator; training and sensitization of surveillance officers, clinicians, and community informants; recruitment of more personnel and expansion of the surveillance network; and the involvement of special populations (nomadic, hard-to-reach, and border communities) and caregivers in stool sample collection. The paired t test was used to evaluate the impact of the different initiatives implemented in Kaduna state to intensify AFP surveillance in 2016. Results There was increased annualized non-polio AFP rate (ANPAFPR) in 21 out of 23 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna state 6 months after implementation of different initiatives to intensify AFP surveillance. The AFP reported by the special population increased in 15 out of 23 LGAs. Statistical analyses of mean scores of ANPAFPR before and after the interventions using the paired t test revealed a significant difference in mean scores: mean = 19.7 (standard deviation (SD) = 16.1) per 100,000 < 15 years old in July–December 2015, compared with 38.0 (SD = 21.6) per 100,000 < 15 years old in January–June 2016 (p < 0.05). Likewise, analysis of silent wards using the paired t test showed a significant difference in mean scores: mean = 4.0 (SD = 2.1) in July–December 2015 compared with 2.4 (SD = 1.8) in January–June 2016 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The different initiatives implemented in 23 LGAs of Kaduna state to intensify AFP surveillance may be responsible for the significant improvement in the AFP surveillance performance indicators in 2016. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:59:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ab9448aba2e459b96efd1e2439201f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ab9448aba2e459b96efd1e2439201f42022-12-22T01:53:23ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582018-12-0118S4515610.1186/s12889-018-6186-yAcute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016Gregory C. Umeh0Faisal Shuaib1Audu Musa2Sisay G. Tegegne3Fiona Braka4Pascal Mkanda5Richard Banda6Usman Adamu7Terna I. Nomhwange8Eyiotoyo Arenyeka9Semeeh A. Omoleke10Ticha M. Johnson11Kehinde Craig12Ibrahim Idris13Hadiza Iyal14Ishaku G. Sambo15Peter Nsubuga16World Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeNational Primary Health Care Development AgencyWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeNational Primary Health Care Development AgencyWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeWorld Health Organization, Country Representative OfficeGlobal Public Health SolutionsAbstract Background Nigeria has made remarkable progress in its current efforts to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission despite the re-emergence of wild poliovirus in 2016. The gains made in Nigeria have been achieved through concerted efforts by governments at all levels, traditional leaders, health workers, caregivers, and development partners. The efforts have involved an elaborate plan, coordination, and effective implementation of routine immunization services, supplemental immunization activities, and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Methods We conducted the following activities to strengthen AFP surveillance in Kaduna state: a monetary reward for all AFP cases reported by health workers or community informants and verified as “true” AFP by a World Health Organization (WHO) cluster coordinator; training and sensitization of surveillance officers, clinicians, and community informants; recruitment of more personnel and expansion of the surveillance network; and the involvement of special populations (nomadic, hard-to-reach, and border communities) and caregivers in stool sample collection. The paired t test was used to evaluate the impact of the different initiatives implemented in Kaduna state to intensify AFP surveillance in 2016. Results There was increased annualized non-polio AFP rate (ANPAFPR) in 21 out of 23 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna state 6 months after implementation of different initiatives to intensify AFP surveillance. The AFP reported by the special population increased in 15 out of 23 LGAs. Statistical analyses of mean scores of ANPAFPR before and after the interventions using the paired t test revealed a significant difference in mean scores: mean = 19.7 (standard deviation (SD) = 16.1) per 100,000 < 15 years old in July–December 2015, compared with 38.0 (SD = 21.6) per 100,000 < 15 years old in January–June 2016 (p < 0.05). Likewise, analysis of silent wards using the paired t test showed a significant difference in mean scores: mean = 4.0 (SD = 2.1) in July–December 2015 compared with 2.4 (SD = 1.8) in January–June 2016 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The different initiatives implemented in 23 LGAs of Kaduna state to intensify AFP surveillance may be responsible for the significant improvement in the AFP surveillance performance indicators in 2016.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-6186-yAcute flaccid paralysisPolio certificationKaduna state |
| spellingShingle | Gregory C. Umeh Faisal Shuaib Audu Musa Sisay G. Tegegne Fiona Braka Pascal Mkanda Richard Banda Usman Adamu Terna I. Nomhwange Eyiotoyo Arenyeka Semeeh A. Omoleke Ticha M. Johnson Kehinde Craig Ibrahim Idris Hadiza Iyal Ishaku G. Sambo Peter Nsubuga Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 BMC Public Health Acute flaccid paralysis Polio certification Kaduna state |
| title | Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 |
| title_full | Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 |
| title_short | Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance intensification for polio certification in Kaduna state, Nigeria: lessons learnt, 2015–2016 |
| title_sort | acute flaccid paralysis afp surveillance intensification for polio certification in kaduna state nigeria lessons learnt 2015 2016 |
| topic | Acute flaccid paralysis Polio certification Kaduna state |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-6186-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gregorycumeh acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT faisalshuaib acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT audumusa acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT sisaygtegegne acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT fionabraka acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT pascalmkanda acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT richardbanda acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT usmanadamu acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT ternainomhwange acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT eyiotoyoarenyeka acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT semeehaomoleke acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT tichamjohnson acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT kehindecraig acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT ibrahimidris acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT hadizaiyal acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT ishakugsambo acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 AT peternsubuga acuteflaccidparalysisafpsurveillanceintensificationforpoliocertificationinkadunastatenigerialessonslearnt20152016 |