The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis
Several studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively no...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Climate |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/10/5/63 |
| _version_ | 1797500556458065920 |
|---|---|
| author | Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang |
| author_facet | Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang |
| author_sort | Knut Lehre Seip |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively novel high-resolution Lead–lag (LL) method to identify short time windows with persistent LL relations in the three series during the period from 1947 to 2020. We find that there are roughly 20-year time windows where LL relations change direction at both interannual, high-frequency and multidecadal, low-frequency timescales. However, with varying LL strength, the AMO leads AMOC for the full period at the interannual timescale. During the period from 1980 to 2000, we had the sequence NAO→AMO→AMOC→NAO at the interannual timescale. For the full period in the decadal time scale, we obtain NAO→AMO→AMOC. The Ekman variability closely follows the NAO variability. Both single time series and the LL relation between pairs of series show pseudo-oscillating patterns with cycle periods of about 20 years. We list possible mechanisms that contribute to the cyclic behavior, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:05:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ac28be577ab4885bf7a1b871d360049 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2225-1154 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:05:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Climate |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ac28be577ab4885bf7a1b871d3600492023-11-23T10:32:42ZengMDPI AGClimate2225-11542022-05-011056310.3390/cli10050063The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag AnalysisKnut Lehre Seip0Hui Wang1Department of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, NorwayNOAA/NWS/NCEP/Climate Prediction Center, 5830 University Research Court, NCWCP, College Park, MD 20740, USASeveral studies examine cycle periods and the interactions between the three major climate modes over the North Atlantic, namely the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Here, we use a relatively novel high-resolution Lead–lag (LL) method to identify short time windows with persistent LL relations in the three series during the period from 1947 to 2020. We find that there are roughly 20-year time windows where LL relations change direction at both interannual, high-frequency and multidecadal, low-frequency timescales. However, with varying LL strength, the AMO leads AMOC for the full period at the interannual timescale. During the period from 1980 to 2000, we had the sequence NAO→AMO→AMOC→NAO at the interannual timescale. For the full period in the decadal time scale, we obtain NAO→AMO→AMOC. The Ekman variability closely follows the NAO variability. Both single time series and the LL relation between pairs of series show pseudo-oscillating patterns with cycle periods of about 20 years. We list possible mechanisms that contribute to the cyclic behavior, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found.https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/10/5/63climateocean oscillationsAMOCAMONAOLead–lag relations |
| spellingShingle | Knut Lehre Seip Hui Wang The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis Climate climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations |
| title | The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
| title_full | The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
| title_short | The North Atlantic Oscillations: Lead–Lag Relations for the NAO, the AMO, and the AMOC—A High-Resolution Lead–lag Analysis |
| title_sort | north atlantic oscillations lead lag relations for the nao the amo and the amoc a high resolution lead lag analysis |
| topic | climate ocean oscillations AMOC AMO NAO Lead–lag relations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/10/5/63 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT knutlehreseip thenorthatlanticoscillationsleadlagrelationsforthenaotheamoandtheamocahighresolutionleadlaganalysis AT huiwang thenorthatlanticoscillationsleadlagrelationsforthenaotheamoandtheamocahighresolutionleadlaganalysis AT knutlehreseip northatlanticoscillationsleadlagrelationsforthenaotheamoandtheamocahighresolutionleadlaganalysis AT huiwang northatlanticoscillationsleadlagrelationsforthenaotheamoandtheamocahighresolutionleadlaganalysis |