Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River
With increasing population and industrialization, the water quality of freshwater sources like rivers, lakes, and ponds is becoming increasingly degraded. Most of the rivers in India are becoming polluted, including the Godavari. With the construction of dams, new industries and unsustainable agricu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/17/3076 |
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| author | Shibani Navasakthi Anuvesh Pandey Rahul Dandautiya Murtaza Hasan Mohammad Amir Khan Kahkashan Perveen Shamshad Alam Rajni Garg Obaid Qamar |
| author_facet | Shibani Navasakthi Anuvesh Pandey Rahul Dandautiya Murtaza Hasan Mohammad Amir Khan Kahkashan Perveen Shamshad Alam Rajni Garg Obaid Qamar |
| author_sort | Shibani Navasakthi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With increasing population and industrialization, the water quality of freshwater sources like rivers, lakes, and ponds is becoming increasingly degraded. Most of the rivers in India are becoming polluted, including the Godavari. With the construction of dams, new industries and unsustainable agricultural practices in the Godavari basin, the water characteristics are degrading spatially and temporally. The present study emphasizes the analysis of water quality parameters like temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and faecal coliform concentration in the Godavari basin. This was achieved by analysis of data taken from the Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB) for 21 stations around the Godavari basin over a span of five years from 2015 to 2019. The Pearson Correlation coefficient for the water quality parameters was assessed to study the relationship among the parameters. Variation in the water quality parameter is observed from the graphs for each station for respective years. It was found that conductivity and DO, temperature and pH and DO and faecal coliform are negatively correlated. It was also observed that DO has a negative correlation with pH, BOD and faecal coliform, indicating the utilization of dissolved oxygen at higher rates due to increasing degradation of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms in the river. One-way ANOVA was applied to find out significant temporal variations and it was observed that temperature, pH, and faecal coliform level had significantly changed the overdue course of time (F(4, 115) = 2.451, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The obtained results from the analysis indicate that the selected water quality parameters have varied significantly spatially, whereas temporally, according to the ANOVA coefficient, only temperature, pH and faecal coliform had shown significant differences during the selected timeframe. Hence, the present study highlighted the deteriorating water quality of the Godavari River over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:10:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ac8320bb65c4b0a858b2d8d731d417c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:10:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ac8320bb65c4b0a858b2d8d731d417c2023-11-19T09:01:55ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-08-011517307610.3390/w15173076Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari RiverShibani Navasakthi0Anuvesh Pandey1Rahul Dandautiya2Murtaza Hasan3Mohammad Amir Khan4Kahkashan Perveen5Shamshad Alam6Rajni Garg7Obaid Qamar8Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, H-05, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, H-05, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, H-05, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, H-05, Ludhiana-Chandigarh State, Mohali 140413, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaWater Resources Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Applied Sciences, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering (Environmental Science & Engineering), Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaWith increasing population and industrialization, the water quality of freshwater sources like rivers, lakes, and ponds is becoming increasingly degraded. Most of the rivers in India are becoming polluted, including the Godavari. With the construction of dams, new industries and unsustainable agricultural practices in the Godavari basin, the water characteristics are degrading spatially and temporally. The present study emphasizes the analysis of water quality parameters like temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and faecal coliform concentration in the Godavari basin. This was achieved by analysis of data taken from the Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB) for 21 stations around the Godavari basin over a span of five years from 2015 to 2019. The Pearson Correlation coefficient for the water quality parameters was assessed to study the relationship among the parameters. Variation in the water quality parameter is observed from the graphs for each station for respective years. It was found that conductivity and DO, temperature and pH and DO and faecal coliform are negatively correlated. It was also observed that DO has a negative correlation with pH, BOD and faecal coliform, indicating the utilization of dissolved oxygen at higher rates due to increasing degradation of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms in the river. One-way ANOVA was applied to find out significant temporal variations and it was observed that temperature, pH, and faecal coliform level had significantly changed the overdue course of time (F(4, 115) = 2.451, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The obtained results from the analysis indicate that the selected water quality parameters have varied significantly spatially, whereas temporally, according to the ANOVA coefficient, only temperature, pH and faecal coliform had shown significant differences during the selected timeframe. Hence, the present study highlighted the deteriorating water quality of the Godavari River over time.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/17/3076ANOVAcorrelationriver pollutionGodavari Riverwater quality parameters |
| spellingShingle | Shibani Navasakthi Anuvesh Pandey Rahul Dandautiya Murtaza Hasan Mohammad Amir Khan Kahkashan Perveen Shamshad Alam Rajni Garg Obaid Qamar Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River Water ANOVA correlation river pollution Godavari River water quality parameters |
| title | Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River |
| title_full | Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River |
| title_short | Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River |
| title_sort | assessment of spatial and temporal variation in water quality for the godavari river |
| topic | ANOVA correlation river pollution Godavari River water quality parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/17/3076 |
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