Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go?
Given the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, alongside the alarmingly low rate of newly approved antibiotics for clinical usage, we are on the verge of not having effective treatments for many common infectious diseases. Historically, antibiotic discovery has been crucial in outpacing resist...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/2/45 |
| _version_ | 1819229496897699840 |
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| author | Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha Luís P. Fonseca Cecília R. C. Calado |
| author_facet | Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha Luís P. Fonseca Cecília R. C. Calado |
| author_sort | Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, alongside the alarmingly low rate of newly approved antibiotics for clinical usage, we are on the verge of not having effective treatments for many common infectious diseases. Historically, antibiotic discovery has been crucial in outpacing resistance and success is closely related to systematic procedures—platforms—that have catalyzed the antibiotic golden age, namely the Waksman platform, followed by the platforms of semi-synthesis and fully synthetic antibiotics. Said platforms resulted in the major antibiotic classes: aminoglycosides, amphenicols, ansamycins, beta-lactams, lipopeptides, diaminopyrimidines, fosfomycins, imidazoles, macrolides, oxazolidinones, streptogramins, polymyxins, sulphonamides, glycopeptides, quinolones and tetracyclines. During the genomics era came the target-based platform, mostly considered a failure due to limitations in translating drugs to the clinic. Therefore, cell-based platforms were re-instituted, and are still of the utmost importance in the fight against infectious diseases. Although the antibiotic pipeline is still lackluster, especially of new classes and novel mechanisms of action, in the post-genomic era, there is an increasingly large set of information available on microbial metabolism. The translation of such knowledge into novel platforms will hopefully result in the discovery of new and better therapeutics, which can sway the war on infectious diseases back in our favor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:14:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2acaf26492a042c1889a0bb6bda77be4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:14:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2acaf26492a042c1889a0bb6bda77be42022-12-21T17:49:15ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822019-04-01824510.3390/antibiotics8020045antibiotics8020045Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go?Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha0Luís P. Fonseca1Cecília R. C. Calado2Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL); Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalInstitute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL); Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalDepartamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL); R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, PortugalGiven the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, alongside the alarmingly low rate of newly approved antibiotics for clinical usage, we are on the verge of not having effective treatments for many common infectious diseases. Historically, antibiotic discovery has been crucial in outpacing resistance and success is closely related to systematic procedures—platforms—that have catalyzed the antibiotic golden age, namely the Waksman platform, followed by the platforms of semi-synthesis and fully synthetic antibiotics. Said platforms resulted in the major antibiotic classes: aminoglycosides, amphenicols, ansamycins, beta-lactams, lipopeptides, diaminopyrimidines, fosfomycins, imidazoles, macrolides, oxazolidinones, streptogramins, polymyxins, sulphonamides, glycopeptides, quinolones and tetracyclines. During the genomics era came the target-based platform, mostly considered a failure due to limitations in translating drugs to the clinic. Therefore, cell-based platforms were re-instituted, and are still of the utmost importance in the fight against infectious diseases. Although the antibiotic pipeline is still lackluster, especially of new classes and novel mechanisms of action, in the post-genomic era, there is an increasingly large set of information available on microbial metabolism. The translation of such knowledge into novel platforms will hopefully result in the discovery of new and better therapeutics, which can sway the war on infectious diseases back in our favor.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/2/45antibiotic discovery platformsdrug screeningsemi-synthesisfully synthetic antibioticsgenomicsproteomicsmetabolomicslipidomicsmetagenomics |
| spellingShingle | Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha Luís P. Fonseca Cecília R. C. Calado Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? Antibiotics antibiotic discovery platforms drug screening semi-synthesis fully synthetic antibiotics genomics proteomics metabolomics lipidomics metagenomics |
| title | Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? |
| title_full | Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? |
| title_short | Antibiotic Discovery: Where Have We Come from, Where Do We Go? |
| title_sort | antibiotic discovery where have we come from where do we go |
| topic | antibiotic discovery platforms drug screening semi-synthesis fully synthetic antibiotics genomics proteomics metabolomics lipidomics metagenomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/2/45 |
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