Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers
Spacecraft need to be able to reliably slew quickly and rather than simply commanding a final angle, a trajectory calculated and known throughout a maneuver is preferred. A fully solved trajectory allows for control based off comparing current attitude to a time varying desired attitude, allowing fo...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/3/135 |
| _version_ | 1797447701962424320 |
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| author | Andrew Sandberg Timothy Sands |
| author_facet | Andrew Sandberg Timothy Sands |
| author_sort | Andrew Sandberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spacecraft need to be able to reliably slew quickly and rather than simply commanding a final angle, a trajectory calculated and known throughout a maneuver is preferred. A fully solved trajectory allows for control based off comparing current attitude to a time varying desired attitude, allowing for much better use of control effort and command over slew orientation. This manuscript introduces slew trajectories using sinusoidal functions compared to optimal trajectories using Pontryagin’s method. Use of Pontryagin’s method yields approximately 1.5% lower control effort compared to sinusoidal trajectories. Analysis of the simulated system response demonstrates that correct understanding of the effect of cross-coupling is necessary to avoid unwarranted control costs. Additionally, a combination of feedforward with proportional derivative control generates a system response with 3% reduction in control cost compared to a Feedforward with proportional integral derivative control architecture. Use of a calculated trajectory is shown to reduce control cost by five orders of magnitude and allows for raising of gains by an order of magnitude. When control gains are raised, an eight orders of magnitude lower error is achieved in the slew direction, and rather than an increase in control cost, a decrease by 11.7% is observed. This manuscript concludes that Pontryagin’s method for generating slew trajectories outperforms the use of sinusoidal trajectories and trajectory generation schemes are essential for efficient spacecraft maneuvering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:59:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ad03a864b014471886247aaebd8bc1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:59:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ad03a864b014471886247aaebd8bc1b2023-11-30T10:27:51ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102022-03-019313510.3390/aerospace9030135Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew ManeuversAndrew Sandberg0Timothy Sands1Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USASpacecraft need to be able to reliably slew quickly and rather than simply commanding a final angle, a trajectory calculated and known throughout a maneuver is preferred. A fully solved trajectory allows for control based off comparing current attitude to a time varying desired attitude, allowing for much better use of control effort and command over slew orientation. This manuscript introduces slew trajectories using sinusoidal functions compared to optimal trajectories using Pontryagin’s method. Use of Pontryagin’s method yields approximately 1.5% lower control effort compared to sinusoidal trajectories. Analysis of the simulated system response demonstrates that correct understanding of the effect of cross-coupling is necessary to avoid unwarranted control costs. Additionally, a combination of feedforward with proportional derivative control generates a system response with 3% reduction in control cost compared to a Feedforward with proportional integral derivative control architecture. Use of a calculated trajectory is shown to reduce control cost by five orders of magnitude and allows for raising of gains by an order of magnitude. When control gains are raised, an eight orders of magnitude lower error is achieved in the slew direction, and rather than an increase in control cost, a decrease by 11.7% is observed. This manuscript concludes that Pontryagin’s method for generating slew trajectories outperforms the use of sinusoidal trajectories and trajectory generation schemes are essential for efficient spacecraft maneuvering.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/3/135space trajectory optimizationautonomous systemsartificial intelligenceadaptationlearningslew |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Sandberg Timothy Sands Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers Aerospace space trajectory optimization autonomous systems artificial intelligence adaptation learning slew |
| title | Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers |
| title_full | Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers |
| title_fullStr | Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers |
| title_short | Autonomous Trajectory Generation Algorithms for Spacecraft Slew Maneuvers |
| title_sort | autonomous trajectory generation algorithms for spacecraft slew maneuvers |
| topic | space trajectory optimization autonomous systems artificial intelligence adaptation learning slew |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/3/135 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewsandberg autonomoustrajectorygenerationalgorithmsforspacecraftslewmaneuvers AT timothysands autonomoustrajectorygenerationalgorithmsforspacecraftslewmaneuvers |