Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes
Stimuli or insults during critical developmental transitions induce alterations in progeny anatomy, physiology, and metabolism that may be transient, sometimes reversible, but often durable, which defines programming. Glucolipotoxicity is the combined, synergistic, deleterious effect of simultaneous...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/444 |
| _version_ | 1797548795395833856 |
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| author | Marlon E. Cerf |
| author_facet | Marlon E. Cerf |
| author_sort | Marlon E. Cerf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stimuli or insults during critical developmental transitions induce alterations in progeny anatomy, physiology, and metabolism that may be transient, sometimes reversible, but often durable, which defines programming. Glucolipotoxicity is the combined, synergistic, deleterious effect of simultaneously elevated glucose (chronic hyperglycemia) and saturated fatty acids (derived from high-fat diet overconsumption and subsequent metabolism) that are harmful to organs, micro-organs, and cells. Glucolipotoxicity induces beta cell death, dysfunction, and failure through endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress and inflammation. In beta cells, the misfolding of pro/insulin proteins beyond the cellular threshold triggers the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consequentially there is incomplete and inadequate pro/insulin biosynthesis and impaired insulin secretion. Cellular stress triggers cellular inflammation, where immune cells migrate to, infiltrate, and amplify in beta cells, leading to beta cell inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress reciprocally induces beta cell inflammation, whereas beta cell inflammation can self-activate and further exacerbate its inflammation. These metabolic sequelae reflect the vicious cycle of beta cell stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ad5715cc4ec48c88e4a6ffc7bff1d07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ad5715cc4ec48c88e4a6ffc7bff1d072023-11-20T19:49:33ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-11-01101144410.3390/metabo10110444Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and DiabetesMarlon E. Cerf0Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South AfricaStimuli or insults during critical developmental transitions induce alterations in progeny anatomy, physiology, and metabolism that may be transient, sometimes reversible, but often durable, which defines programming. Glucolipotoxicity is the combined, synergistic, deleterious effect of simultaneously elevated glucose (chronic hyperglycemia) and saturated fatty acids (derived from high-fat diet overconsumption and subsequent metabolism) that are harmful to organs, micro-organs, and cells. Glucolipotoxicity induces beta cell death, dysfunction, and failure through endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress and inflammation. In beta cells, the misfolding of pro/insulin proteins beyond the cellular threshold triggers the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Consequentially there is incomplete and inadequate pro/insulin biosynthesis and impaired insulin secretion. Cellular stress triggers cellular inflammation, where immune cells migrate to, infiltrate, and amplify in beta cells, leading to beta cell inflammation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress reciprocally induces beta cell inflammation, whereas beta cell inflammation can self-activate and further exacerbate its inflammation. These metabolic sequelae reflect the vicious cycle of beta cell stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of diabetes.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/444beta cell deathbeta cell dysfunctionbeta cell failureER stresshyperglycemiaobesity |
| spellingShingle | Marlon E. Cerf Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes Metabolites beta cell death beta cell dysfunction beta cell failure ER stress hyperglycemia obesity |
| title | Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes |
| title_full | Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes |
| title_short | Developmental Programming and Glucolipotoxicity: Insights on Beta Cell Inflammation and Diabetes |
| title_sort | developmental programming and glucolipotoxicity insights on beta cell inflammation and diabetes |
| topic | beta cell death beta cell dysfunction beta cell failure ER stress hyperglycemia obesity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/11/444 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marlonecerf developmentalprogrammingandglucolipotoxicityinsightsonbetacellinflammationanddiabetes |