Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2
Quantum Heisenberg chain and square lattices are important paradigms of a low-dimensional magnetism. Their ground states are determined by the strength of quantum fluctuations. Correspondingly, the ground state of a rectangular lattice interpolates between the spin liquid and the ordered collinear N...
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/1/6 |
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| author | Alžbeta Orendáčová Róbert Tarasenko Vladimír Tkáč Erik Čižmár Martin Orendáč Alexander Feher |
| author_facet | Alžbeta Orendáčová Róbert Tarasenko Vladimír Tkáč Erik Čižmár Martin Orendáč Alexander Feher |
| author_sort | Alžbeta Orendáčová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quantum Heisenberg chain and square lattices are important paradigms of a low-dimensional magnetism. Their ground states are determined by the strength of quantum fluctuations. Correspondingly, the ground state of a rectangular lattice interpolates between the spin liquid and the ordered collinear Néel state with the partially reduced order parameter. The diversity of additional exchange interactions offers variety of quantum models derived from the aforementioned paradigms. Besides the spatial anisotropy of the exchange coupling, controlling the lattice dimensionality and ground-state properties, the spin anisotropy (intrinsic or induced by the magnetic field) represents another important effect disturbing a rotational symmetry of the spin system. The S = 1/2 easy-axis and easy-plane XXZ models on the square lattice even for extremely weak spin anisotropies undergo Heisenberg-Ising and Heisenberg-XY crossovers, respectively, acting as precursors to the onset of the finite-temperature phase transitions within the two-dimensional Ising universality class (for the easy axis anisotropy) and a topological Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition (for the easy-plane anisotropy). Experimental realizations of the S = 1/2 two-dimensional XXZ models in bulk quantum magnets appeared only recently. Partial solutions of the problems associated with their experimental identifications are discussed and some possibilities of future investigations in quantum magnets on the square and rectangular lattice are outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:57:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ad9c67ce98f41e8ad6e49b849cef5c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:57:53Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ad9c67ce98f41e8ad6e49b849cef5c42022-12-22T02:55:21ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522018-12-0191610.3390/cryst9010006cryst9010006Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2Alžbeta Orendáčová0Róbert Tarasenko1Vladimír Tkáč2Erik Čižmár3Martin Orendáč4Alexander Feher5Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, SlovakiaQuantum Heisenberg chain and square lattices are important paradigms of a low-dimensional magnetism. Their ground states are determined by the strength of quantum fluctuations. Correspondingly, the ground state of a rectangular lattice interpolates between the spin liquid and the ordered collinear Néel state with the partially reduced order parameter. The diversity of additional exchange interactions offers variety of quantum models derived from the aforementioned paradigms. Besides the spatial anisotropy of the exchange coupling, controlling the lattice dimensionality and ground-state properties, the spin anisotropy (intrinsic or induced by the magnetic field) represents another important effect disturbing a rotational symmetry of the spin system. The S = 1/2 easy-axis and easy-plane XXZ models on the square lattice even for extremely weak spin anisotropies undergo Heisenberg-Ising and Heisenberg-XY crossovers, respectively, acting as precursors to the onset of the finite-temperature phase transitions within the two-dimensional Ising universality class (for the easy axis anisotropy) and a topological Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition (for the easy-plane anisotropy). Experimental realizations of the S = 1/2 two-dimensional XXZ models in bulk quantum magnets appeared only recently. Partial solutions of the problems associated with their experimental identifications are discussed and some possibilities of future investigations in quantum magnets on the square and rectangular lattice are outlined.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/1/6HeisenbergS = 1/2 XXZ modelspin anisotropysquare latticechainrectangular latticeBerezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitionphase diagramquantum magnet |
| spellingShingle | Alžbeta Orendáčová Róbert Tarasenko Vladimír Tkáč Erik Čižmár Martin Orendáč Alexander Feher Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 Crystals Heisenberg S = 1/2 XXZ model spin anisotropy square lattice chain rectangular lattice Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition phase diagram quantum magnet |
| title | Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 |
| title_full | Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 |
| title_fullStr | Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 |
| title_short | Interplay of Spin and Spatial Anisotropy in Low-Dimensional Quantum Magnets with Spin 1/2 |
| title_sort | interplay of spin and spatial anisotropy in low dimensional quantum magnets with spin 1 2 |
| topic | Heisenberg S = 1/2 XXZ model spin anisotropy square lattice chain rectangular lattice Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition phase diagram quantum magnet |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/1/6 |
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