VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION
Purpose: Emissary foramens in the skull and emissary veins (EV), respectively, have been known for a long time, but their importance is often disregarded. In the present study, we introduce variants of occipital emissary foramens (OEF) unilaterally located on the left, close to оccipital condylе in...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Peytchinski Publishing
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of IMAB |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.journal-imab-bg.org/issues-2021/issue4/2021vol27-issue4-4004-4009.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818983980982075392 |
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| author | Ivan Maslarski Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova |
| author_facet | Ivan Maslarski Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova |
| author_sort | Ivan Maslarski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: Emissary foramens in the skull and emissary veins (EV), respectively, have been known for a long time, but their importance is often disregarded. In the present study, we introduce variants of occipital emissary foramens (OEF) unilaterally located on the left, close to оccipital condylе in a formation of three apertures that open together in a sinus near clivus.
Material/Methods: Corpses of 30 dеad people were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, and standard techniques for soft tissue separation or maceration of the skull were used. After the removal of the calvaria, fixed bones of the skull were disarticulated. Foramens were cleaned using a double-ended probe, and depth and diameter measurements were performed using an atomical caliper.
Results: We found variants of mastoid emissary foramens (MEF) situated into two groups, each of a couple of foramens. Their clinical significance is discussed, compared with existing experience and analysis of their phylogeny and embryogenesis.
Conclusion: We introduce OEF and MEF to be important markers for detection of dural venous sinuses (DVS). The latter, together with EV, provide an important mechanism for decreasing intracranial pressure. This happens due to the absence of a valve apparatus in the veins of the brain, and the lack, or small amount, of muscle tissue. There is a possibility of existing varicose veins, such as those caused by arterio-venous fistulas and the pathology associated with it. We suggest the application of EV in imaging as an important study before surgery by lateral and transcondylar approach to the anterior foramen magnum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:11:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ae40c0c0dc5450890b3cd56b8ed66e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1312-773X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:11:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Peytchinski Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of IMAB |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ae40c0c0dc5450890b3cd56b8ed66e12022-12-21T19:30:27ZengPeytchinski PublishingJournal of IMAB1312-773X2021-10-012744004400910.5272/jimab.2021274.4004VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATIONIvan Maslarski0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-9232Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-9982Department of Anatomy, Histology, Pathology and Forensic medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sofia, Bulgaria.Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sofia, Bulgaria.Purpose: Emissary foramens in the skull and emissary veins (EV), respectively, have been known for a long time, but their importance is often disregarded. In the present study, we introduce variants of occipital emissary foramens (OEF) unilaterally located on the left, close to оccipital condylе in a formation of three apertures that open together in a sinus near clivus. Material/Methods: Corpses of 30 dеad people were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, and standard techniques for soft tissue separation or maceration of the skull were used. After the removal of the calvaria, fixed bones of the skull were disarticulated. Foramens were cleaned using a double-ended probe, and depth and diameter measurements were performed using an atomical caliper. Results: We found variants of mastoid emissary foramens (MEF) situated into two groups, each of a couple of foramens. Their clinical significance is discussed, compared with existing experience and analysis of their phylogeny and embryogenesis. Conclusion: We introduce OEF and MEF to be important markers for detection of dural venous sinuses (DVS). The latter, together with EV, provide an important mechanism for decreasing intracranial pressure. This happens due to the absence of a valve apparatus in the veins of the brain, and the lack, or small amount, of muscle tissue. There is a possibility of existing varicose veins, such as those caused by arterio-venous fistulas and the pathology associated with it. We suggest the application of EV in imaging as an important study before surgery by lateral and transcondylar approach to the anterior foramen magnum.https://www.journal-imab-bg.org/issues-2021/issue4/2021vol27-issue4-4004-4009.pdfemissary veinsarteriovenous fistuladural venous sinusesintracranial pressure |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Maslarski Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION Journal of IMAB emissary veins arteriovenous fistula dural venous sinuses intracranial pressure |
| title | VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION |
| title_full | VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION |
| title_fullStr | VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION |
| title_full_unstemmed | VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION |
| title_short | VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION |
| title_sort | variants of mastoid and occipital emissary foramens and their clinical correlation |
| topic | emissary veins arteriovenous fistula dural venous sinuses intracranial pressure |
| url | https://www.journal-imab-bg.org/issues-2021/issue4/2021vol27-issue4-4004-4009.pdf |
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