Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension
<i>Background and objectives</i>: Hypertension is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to high blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship between the vitamin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/12/1297 |
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| author | Yusuf Karadeniz Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz Süleyman Ahbab Esra Ataoğlu Günay Can |
| author_facet | Yusuf Karadeniz Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz Süleyman Ahbab Esra Ataoğlu Günay Can |
| author_sort | Yusuf Karadeniz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and objectives</i>: Hypertension is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to high blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship between the vitamin D and blood pressure status in healthy adults, and their 8-year follow-up was added. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A total of 491 healthy middle-aged participants without any chronic illness, ages 21 to 67 at baseline, were divided into two groups as non-optimal blood pressure (NOBP) and optimal blood pressure (OBP). NOBP group was divided into two subgroups: normal (NBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured with the immunoassay method. 8-year follow-up of the participants was added. <i>Results</i>: The average vitamin D level was detected 32.53 ± 31.50 nmol/L in the OBP group and 24.41 ± 14.40 nmol/L in the NOBP group, and a statistically significant difference was found (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the mean vitamin D level was detected as 24.69 ± 13.74 and 24.28 ± 14.74 nmol/L in NBP and HNBP, respectively. Together with parathyroid hormone, other metabolic parameters were found to be significantly higher in the NOBP. During a median follow-up of 8 years, higher hypertension development rates were seen in NOBP group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions</i>: The low levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with NBP and HNBP. The low levels of vitamin D were also associated with the development of hypertension in an 8-year follow-up. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2af65d95b419448b95c63a1b531075ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:36:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-2af65d95b419448b95c63a1b531075ee2023-11-23T09:28:01ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442021-11-015712129710.3390/medicina57121297Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of HypertensionYusuf Karadeniz0Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz1Süleyman Ahbab2Esra Ataoğlu3Günay Can4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42010, TurkeyDepartment of Cardiology, Private Büyükşehir Hospital, Konya 42060, TurkeyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34270, TurkeyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34270, TurkeyDepartments of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey<i>Background and objectives</i>: Hypertension is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to high blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship between the vitamin D and blood pressure status in healthy adults, and their 8-year follow-up was added. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A total of 491 healthy middle-aged participants without any chronic illness, ages 21 to 67 at baseline, were divided into two groups as non-optimal blood pressure (NOBP) and optimal blood pressure (OBP). NOBP group was divided into two subgroups: normal (NBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured with the immunoassay method. 8-year follow-up of the participants was added. <i>Results</i>: The average vitamin D level was detected 32.53 ± 31.50 nmol/L in the OBP group and 24.41 ± 14.40 nmol/L in the NOBP group, and a statistically significant difference was found (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the mean vitamin D level was detected as 24.69 ± 13.74 and 24.28 ± 14.74 nmol/L in NBP and HNBP, respectively. Together with parathyroid hormone, other metabolic parameters were found to be significantly higher in the NOBP. During a median follow-up of 8 years, higher hypertension development rates were seen in NOBP group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions</i>: The low levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with NBP and HNBP. The low levels of vitamin D were also associated with the development of hypertension in an 8-year follow-up.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/12/1297vitamin Dblood pressurehypertensionparathyroid hormone |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf Karadeniz Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz Süleyman Ahbab Esra Ataoğlu Günay Can Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension Medicina vitamin D blood pressure hypertension parathyroid hormone |
| title | Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension |
| title_full | Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension |
| title_short | Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension |
| title_sort | vitamin d deficiency is a potential risk for blood pressure elevation and the development of hypertension |
| topic | vitamin D blood pressure hypertension parathyroid hormone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/12/1297 |
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