Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc
Abstract Submarine caldera volcanoes may host several hydrothermal systems along the caldera wall and related to volcanic cones. Fluid boiling and magmatic volatile influx are common processes in shallow (<2,000 mbsl) subduction zone‐related environments causing variations in the mineralogical an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010259 |
| _version_ | 1797637994042097664 |
|---|---|
| author | Jan J. Falkenberg Manuel Keith Karsten M. Haase Christian Sporer Wolfgang Bach Reiner Klemd Harald Strauss Bettina Storch Christian Peters Kenneth H. Rubin Melissa O. Anderson |
| author_facet | Jan J. Falkenberg Manuel Keith Karsten M. Haase Christian Sporer Wolfgang Bach Reiner Klemd Harald Strauss Bettina Storch Christian Peters Kenneth H. Rubin Melissa O. Anderson |
| author_sort | Jan J. Falkenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Submarine caldera volcanoes may host several hydrothermal systems along the caldera wall and related to volcanic cones. Fluid boiling and magmatic volatile influx are common processes in shallow (<2,000 mbsl) subduction zone‐related environments causing variations in the mineralogical and chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal mineralizations that remain poorly constrained. The submarine caldera of Niuatahi volcano, Tonga rear‐arc, hosts four active vent sites discharging high temperature fluids (<334°C) with variable salinities (369–583 mM Cl) that are indicative of fluid boiling, recorded by distinct Te/As and Te/Au in pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. High sulfidation mineral assemblages (e.g., enargite), stable S isotope data and similar trace element signatures in sulfides and native S condensates suggest a minor and/or infrequent contribution of magmatic SO2 to the hydrothermal systems located proximal to the caldera center causing a volatile element (e.g., Se, Bi, Te) enrichment. The hydrothermal system at the northern caldera wall is decoupled from the magmatic SO2 source, as revealed by radiogenic Pb isotopes. Instead, S isotope and trace element constraints propose a host rock‐dominated hydrothermal system, lacking a magmatic volatile influx. The observed hydrothermal fractionation processes (fluid boiling) and the distinct metal (loid) sources (magmatic volatiles vs. host rock) represent a continuum from magmatic volatile‐ to host rock‐dominated hydrothermal systems within the Niuatahi caldera. This leads to seafloor mineralizations with spatially selective trace element enrichments, like Te, Se, and Bi (±Au, Ag) in the caldera center compared to Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, and Pb at the northern caldera wall. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:57:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2af66d20be6e47869c71d8abb5827965 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1525-2027 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:57:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-2af66d20be6e47869c71d8abb58279652023-11-03T16:56:16ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272022-04-01234n/an/a10.1029/2021GC010259Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐ArcJan J. Falkenberg0Manuel Keith1Karsten M. Haase2Christian Sporer3Wolfgang Bach4Reiner Klemd5Harald Strauss6Bettina Storch7Christian Peters8Kenneth H. Rubin9Melissa O. Anderson10GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyGeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyGeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyGeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyMARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geoscience, University of Bremen Bremen GermanyGeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyInstitut für Geologie und Paläontologie Westfälische‐Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster GermanyGeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen GermanyInstitut für Geologie und Paläontologie Westfälische‐Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Münster GermanyDepartment of Earth Sciences University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu HI USADepartment of Earth Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON CanadaAbstract Submarine caldera volcanoes may host several hydrothermal systems along the caldera wall and related to volcanic cones. Fluid boiling and magmatic volatile influx are common processes in shallow (<2,000 mbsl) subduction zone‐related environments causing variations in the mineralogical and chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal mineralizations that remain poorly constrained. The submarine caldera of Niuatahi volcano, Tonga rear‐arc, hosts four active vent sites discharging high temperature fluids (<334°C) with variable salinities (369–583 mM Cl) that are indicative of fluid boiling, recorded by distinct Te/As and Te/Au in pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. High sulfidation mineral assemblages (e.g., enargite), stable S isotope data and similar trace element signatures in sulfides and native S condensates suggest a minor and/or infrequent contribution of magmatic SO2 to the hydrothermal systems located proximal to the caldera center causing a volatile element (e.g., Se, Bi, Te) enrichment. The hydrothermal system at the northern caldera wall is decoupled from the magmatic SO2 source, as revealed by radiogenic Pb isotopes. Instead, S isotope and trace element constraints propose a host rock‐dominated hydrothermal system, lacking a magmatic volatile influx. The observed hydrothermal fractionation processes (fluid boiling) and the distinct metal (loid) sources (magmatic volatiles vs. host rock) represent a continuum from magmatic volatile‐ to host rock‐dominated hydrothermal systems within the Niuatahi caldera. This leads to seafloor mineralizations with spatially selective trace element enrichments, like Te, Se, and Bi (±Au, Ag) in the caldera center compared to Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, and Pb at the northern caldera wall.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010259Niuatahi volcanoS and Pb isotopesLA‐ICP‐MSin situ trace elementspyritechalcopyrite |
| spellingShingle | Jan J. Falkenberg Manuel Keith Karsten M. Haase Christian Sporer Wolfgang Bach Reiner Klemd Harald Strauss Bettina Storch Christian Peters Kenneth H. Rubin Melissa O. Anderson Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Niuatahi volcano S and Pb isotopes LA‐ICP‐MS in situ trace elements pyrite chalcopyrite |
| title | Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc |
| title_full | Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc |
| title_short | Spatial Variations in Magmatic Volatile Influx and Fluid Boiling in the Submarine Hydrothermal Systems of Niuatahi Caldera, Tonga Rear‐Arc |
| title_sort | spatial variations in magmatic volatile influx and fluid boiling in the submarine hydrothermal systems of niuatahi caldera tonga rear arc |
| topic | Niuatahi volcano S and Pb isotopes LA‐ICP‐MS in situ trace elements pyrite chalcopyrite |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC010259 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT janjfalkenberg spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT manuelkeith spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT karstenmhaase spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT christiansporer spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT wolfgangbach spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT reinerklemd spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT haraldstrauss spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT bettinastorch spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT christianpeters spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT kennethhrubin spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc AT melissaoanderson spatialvariationsinmagmaticvolatileinfluxandfluidboilinginthesubmarinehydrothermalsystemsofniuatahicalderatongareararc |