The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans
The process of adaptation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans probably had started decades ago, when its ancestor diverged from the bat coronavirus. The adaptive process comprises strategies the virus uses to overcome the respiratory tract defense barriers and r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762021000100206&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1827831797426159616 |
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| author | Eduardo Tosta |
| author_facet | Eduardo Tosta |
| author_sort | Eduardo Tosta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The process of adaptation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans probably had started decades ago, when its ancestor diverged from the bat coronavirus. The adaptive process comprises strategies the virus uses to overcome the respiratory tract defense barriers and replicate and shed in the host cells. These strategies include the impairment of interferon production, hiding immunogenic motifs, avoiding viral RNA detection, manipulating cell autophagy, triggering host cell death, inducing lymphocyte exhaustion and depletion, and finally, mutation and escape from immunity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 employs strategies to take advantage of host cell resources for its benefits, such as inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, hijacking mitochondria functions, and usage of enhancing antibodies. It may be anticipated that as the tradeoffs of adaptation progress, the virus destructive burden will gradually subside. Some evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will become part of the human respiratory virome, as had occurred with other coronaviruses, and coevolve with its host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:00:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2afc01ff287243a9be77920072de8068 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-8060 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:00:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |
| spelling | doaj.art-2afc01ff287243a9be77920072de80682023-09-03T09:12:02ZengFundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz1678-80602022-01-0111610.1590/0074-02760210127The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humansEduardo Tostahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-2662The process of adaptation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans probably had started decades ago, when its ancestor diverged from the bat coronavirus. The adaptive process comprises strategies the virus uses to overcome the respiratory tract defense barriers and replicate and shed in the host cells. These strategies include the impairment of interferon production, hiding immunogenic motifs, avoiding viral RNA detection, manipulating cell autophagy, triggering host cell death, inducing lymphocyte exhaustion and depletion, and finally, mutation and escape from immunity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 employs strategies to take advantage of host cell resources for its benefits, such as inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, hijacking mitochondria functions, and usage of enhancing antibodies. It may be anticipated that as the tradeoffs of adaptation progress, the virus destructive burden will gradually subside. Some evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will become part of the human respiratory virome, as had occurred with other coronaviruses, and coevolve with its host.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762021000100206&lng=en&tlng=enSAR-CoV-2adaptive evolutionmutation and variantsescapeimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Tosta The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz SAR-CoV-2 adaptive evolution mutation and variants escape immunity |
| title | The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans |
| title_full | The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans |
| title_fullStr | The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans |
| title_short | The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans |
| title_sort | adaptation of sars cov 2 to humans |
| topic | SAR-CoV-2 adaptive evolution mutation and variants escape immunity |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762021000100206&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eduardotosta theadaptationofsarscov2tohumans AT eduardotosta adaptationofsarscov2tohumans |