Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection
SNX5 is a protein that is involved in endosomal sorting, signal transduction and endocytosis pathways. However, the roles of fish SNX5 were largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SNX5 homolog (EcSNX5) from an orange-spotted grouper (<i>E. coioides</i>) and investigated its role...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/5/231 |
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| author | Riming Wu Jinze Li Zhenyu Liang Honglin Han Jufen Tang Yu Huang Bei Wang Jichang Jian Jia Cai |
| author_facet | Riming Wu Jinze Li Zhenyu Liang Honglin Han Jufen Tang Yu Huang Bei Wang Jichang Jian Jia Cai |
| author_sort | Riming Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SNX5 is a protein that is involved in endosomal sorting, signal transduction and endocytosis pathways. However, the roles of fish SNX5 were largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SNX5 homolog (EcSNX5) from an orange-spotted grouper (<i>E. coioides</i>) and investigated its role during viral infection. EcSNX5 encoded 412 amino acids with a PX domain and a BAR domain. In addition, it shared high identities with other known fish SNX5. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the high expression of EcSNX5 was observed in the head, kidney and heart. After stimulation with the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) <i>in vitro</i>, EcSNX5 expression was significantly induced. After RGNNV infection <i>in vitro</i>, EcSNX5 overexpression enhanced the expression of RGNNV genes, including coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). EcSNX5 knockdown downregulates expression of CP and RdRp. The TCID<sub>50</sub> assay showed a higher viral titer when EcSNX5 is over expressed. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression could reduce the expression of interferon genes (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, MX1, ISG15, ISG56, MDA5 and TRIF) and inflammatory genes (IL6, IL8, IL-1β and TNF-α). EcSNX5 knockdown could promote the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression suppresses the expression of autophagy genes (LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG16L1) and upregulates the expression of apoptosis genes (Bax, BNIP3), but EcSNX5 knockdown had the opposite effect. According to the subcellular localization, EcSNX5 is localized in the cytoplasm and co-localizaed with RGNNV CP protein. The results showed EcSNX5 can influence viral infections by regulating the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors as well as adjusting virus-induced autophagy. These data will contribute to a better understanding of the immune response of fish during virus infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:44:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2afcb0ccc46848edb89c67546ab1b40e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-2afcb0ccc46848edb89c67546ab1b40e2023-11-18T01:19:34ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882023-04-018523110.3390/fishes8050231Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral InfectionRiming Wu0Jinze Li1Zhenyu Liang2Honglin Han3Jufen Tang4Yu Huang5Bei Wang6Jichang Jian7Jia Cai8College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaSNX5 is a protein that is involved in endosomal sorting, signal transduction and endocytosis pathways. However, the roles of fish SNX5 were largely unknown. In this study, we identified an SNX5 homolog (EcSNX5) from an orange-spotted grouper (<i>E. coioides</i>) and investigated its role during viral infection. EcSNX5 encoded 412 amino acids with a PX domain and a BAR domain. In addition, it shared high identities with other known fish SNX5. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the high expression of EcSNX5 was observed in the head, kidney and heart. After stimulation with the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) <i>in vitro</i>, EcSNX5 expression was significantly induced. After RGNNV infection <i>in vitro</i>, EcSNX5 overexpression enhanced the expression of RGNNV genes, including coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). EcSNX5 knockdown downregulates expression of CP and RdRp. The TCID<sub>50</sub> assay showed a higher viral titer when EcSNX5 is over expressed. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression could reduce the expression of interferon genes (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, MX1, ISG15, ISG56, MDA5 and TRIF) and inflammatory genes (IL6, IL8, IL-1β and TNF-α). EcSNX5 knockdown could promote the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors. Moreover, EcSNX5 overexpression suppresses the expression of autophagy genes (LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG16L1) and upregulates the expression of apoptosis genes (Bax, BNIP3), but EcSNX5 knockdown had the opposite effect. According to the subcellular localization, EcSNX5 is localized in the cytoplasm and co-localizaed with RGNNV CP protein. The results showed EcSNX5 can influence viral infections by regulating the expression of interferon factors and inflammatory factors as well as adjusting virus-induced autophagy. These data will contribute to a better understanding of the immune response of fish during virus infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/5/231<i>E. coioides</i>SNX5RGNNVimmune responseautophagy |
| spellingShingle | Riming Wu Jinze Li Zhenyu Liang Honglin Han Jufen Tang Yu Huang Bei Wang Jichang Jian Jia Cai Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection Fishes <i>E. coioides</i> SNX5 RGNNV immune response autophagy |
| title | Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection |
| title_full | Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection |
| title_short | Characterization of SNX5 in Orange-Spotted Grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) during <i>In Vitro</i> Viral Infection |
| title_sort | characterization of snx5 in orange spotted grouper i epinephelus coioides i during i in vitro i viral infection |
| topic | <i>E. coioides</i> SNX5 RGNNV immune response autophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/5/231 |
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